Table 1
Taxonomy of model structures for economic evaluation.
| A | B | C | D | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COHORT/AGGREGATE LEVEL/COUNTS | INDIVIDUAL LEVEL | |||||
| EXPECTED VALUE, CONTINUOUS STATE, DETERMINISTIC | MARKOVIAN, DISCRETE STATE, STOCHASTIC | MARKOVIAN, DISCRETE STATE, INDIVIDUALS | NON-MARKOVIAN, DISCRETE-STATE, INDIVIDUALS | |||
| 1 | No interaction allowed | Untimed | Decision tree rollback | Simulated decision tree (SDT) | Individual sampling model (ISM): Simulated patient-level decision tree (SPLDT) | |
| 2 | Timed | Markov model (evaluateddeterministically) | Simulated Markov model (SMM) | Individual sampling model (ISM): Simulated patient-level Markov model (SPLMM) (variations as in quadrant below for patient level models with interaction) | ||
| 3 | Interaction allowed | Discrete time | System dynamics (finite difference equations, FDE) | Discrete time Markov chain model (DTMC) | Discrete-time individual event history model (DT, IEH) | Discrete individual simulation (DT, DES) |
| 4 | Continuous time | System dynamics (ordinary differential equations, ODE) | Continuous time Markov chain model (CTMC) | Continuous time individual event history model (CT, IEH) | Discrete event simulation (CT, DES) | |
[i] Source: Adopted from Brennan et al. (2006).
Figure 1
PRISMA flow chart of identification, screening, and final inclusion of articles.
Figure 2
Geographical distribution of included studies. *Countries contained in one multicountry study, USA: United States of America, UK: United Kingdom.
Figure 3
Patterns of multimorbidity modelled in selected studies.