Have a personal or library account? Click to login
What Works, for Whom, in What Circumstances and Why, When Integrating Voluntary and Statutory Community Mental Health Services: A Realist Evaluation Case Study Cover

What Works, for Whom, in What Circumstances and Why, When Integrating Voluntary and Statutory Community Mental Health Services: A Realist Evaluation Case Study

International Journal of Integrated Care
Volume 25 (2025): Issue 3
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2025

References

  1. 1Santomauro DF, Mantilla Herrera AM, Shadid J, Zheng P, Ashbaugh C, Pigott DM, et al. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2021;398(10312):1700–12. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7
    Back to article
  2. 2McManus S, Bebbington P, Jenkins R, Brugha T. Mental Health and Wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. In: Digital LN, editor. 2016. https://files.digital.nhs.uk/pdf/q/3/mental_health_and_wellbeing_in_england_full_report.pdf
    Back to article
  3. 3Kohn R, Saxena S, Levav I, Saraceno B. The treatment gap in mental health care. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82:858–66. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2623050/
    Back to article
  4. 4Reichert A, Jacobs R. The impact of waiting time on patient outcomes: Evidence from early intervention in psychosis services in England. Health Economics. 2018;27(11):1772–87. DOI: 10.1002/hec.3800
    Back to article
  5. 5van Dijk DA, Meijer RM, van den Boogaard TM, Spijker J, Ruhé HG, Peeters FPML. Worse off by waiting for treatment? The impact of waiting time on clinical course and treatment outcome for depression in routine care. J Affect Disord. 2023;322:205–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.011
    Back to article
  6. 6Khandaker GM, Gandamaneni PK, Dibben CR, Cherukuru S, Cairns P, Ray MK. Evaluating care pathways for community psychiatry in England: a qualitative study. J Eval Clin Pract. 2013 Apr;19(2):298–303. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01822.x
    Back to article
  7. 7Meehan T, Lloyd C, Harding E, Vilic G. Through the Looking Glass: The Consumer’s View of Repeated Psychiatric Assessment in Public Mental Health Settings. International Journal of Mental Health. 2012;41(3):60–68. DOI: 10.2753/IMH0020-7411410304
    Back to article
  8. 8Andresen R, Oades L, Caputi P. The Experience of Recovery from Schizophrenia: Towards an Empirically Validated Stage Model. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;37(5):586–94. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01234.x
    Back to article
  9. 9Higgins A. A Recovery Approach within the Irish Mental Health Services: A Framework for Development. Dublin: Irish Mental Health Services; 2008. https://www.lenus.ie/handle/10147/75113
    Back to article
  10. 10PsychDB. Biopsychosocial model and case formulation; 2024. https://www.psychdb.com/teaching/biopsychosocial-case-formulation#the-4-ps
    Back to article
  11. 11NHS England. The NHS Long Term Plan. NHS Improvement; 2019. https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/publication/nhs-long-term-plan
    Back to article
  12. 12NHS England. The community mental health framework for adults and older adults. NHS Improvement and the National Collaborating Central for Mental Health; 2019. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/community-mental-health-framework-for-adults-and-older-adults.pdf
    Back to article
  13. 13Intriligator BA. Inter-Organizational Collaboration: A Strategy for Faculty Development and Organization Renewal. Journal of Teacher Education. 1982;33(5):14–7. DOI: 10.1177/002248718203300504
    Back to article
  14. 14Priebe S, Kelley L, Golden E, McCrone P, Kingdon D, Rutterford C, McCabe R. Effectiveness of structured patient-clinician communication with a solution focused approach (DIALOG+) in community treatment of patients with psychosis—a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Jun 26;13:173. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-173
    Back to article
  15. 15Kodner DL, Spreeuwenberg C. Integrated care: meaning, logic, applications, and implications – a discussion paper; 2002. DOI: 10.5334/ijic.67
    Back to article
  16. 16Leutz WN. Five Laws for Integrating Medical and Social Services: Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Milbank Quarterly. 1999;77(1):77–110. DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.00125
    Back to article
  17. 17Nolte E, Pitchforth E. What is the evidence on the economic impacts of integrated care? Copenhagen: World Health Organization. 2014;2077–1584. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/332002
    Back to article
  18. 18Kringos DS, Sunol R, Wagner C, Mannion R, Michel P, Klazinga NS, et al. The influence of context on the effectiveness of hospital quality improvement strategies: a review of systematic reviews. BMC Health Services Research. 2015;15(1):277. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0906-0
    Back to article
  19. 19Gradinger F, Elston J, Asthana S, Martin S, Byng R. Reflections on the Researcher-in-Residence model co-producing knowledge for action in an Integrated Care Organisation: a mixed methods case study using an impact survey and field notes. Evidence & Policy. 2019;15(2):197–215. DOI: 10.1332/174426419X15538508969850
    Back to article
  20. 20Pawson R, Tilley N. An introduction to scientificevaluation. In: Chelimsky ESW, editor. Evaluation for the 21st century: A handbook. London: Sage Publications Inc; 1997. pp. 405–18. DOI: 10.4135/9781483348896.n29
    Back to article
  21. 21Dalkin SM, Greenhalgh J, Jones D, Cunningham B, Lhussier M. What’s in a mechanism? Development of a key concept in realist evaluation. Implementation Science. 2015;10(1):49. DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0237-x
    Back to article
  22. 22Westhorp G. Understanding mechanisms in realist evaluation and research. In: Emmel NGJ, Manzano A, Monaghan M, Dalkin S, editors. Doing Realist Research. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2018. ISBN: 9781473977891. DOI: 10.4135/9781526451729.n4
    Back to article
  23. 23Williams M. Making up mechanisms in realist research. In: Emmel NGJ, Manzano A, Monaghan M, Dalkin S, editors. Doing Realist Research. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2018. ISBN:9781473977891. DOI: 10.4135/9781526451729.n3
    Back to article
  24. 24Manzano A. The craft of interviewing in realist evaluation. Evaluation. 2016;22(3):342–60. DOI: 10.1177/1356389016638615
    Back to article
  25. 25Jagosh J. Retroductive theorizing in Pawson and Tilley’s applied scientific realism. Journal of Critical Realism. 2020;19(2):121–30. DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2020.1723301
    Back to article
  26. 26Allen D, Cree L, Dawson P, El Naggar S, Gibbons B, Gibson J, et al. Exploring patient and public involvement (PPI) and co-production approaches in mental health research: learning from the PARTNERS2 research programme. Research Involvement and Engagement. 2020;6(1):56. DOI: 10.1186/s40900-020-00224-3
    Back to article
  27. 27Whitfield J, Owens S, Bhat A, Felker B, Jewell T, Chwastiak L. Successful ingredients of effective Collaborative Care programs in low- and middle-income countries: A rapid review. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health. 2023;10:e11. DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.60
    Back to article
  28. 28Wiktorowicz ME, Fleury M-J, Adair CE, Lesage A, Goldner E, Peters S. Mental health network governance and coordination: comparative analysis across Canadian regions. Interational Journal of Integrated Care; 2010. DOI: 10.5334/ijic.525
    Back to article
  29. 29Parmelli E, Flodgren G, Beyer F, Baillie N, Schaafsma ME, Eccles MP. The effectiveness of strategies to change organisational culture to improve healthcare performance: a systematic review. Implementation Science. 2011;6(1):33. DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-6-33
    Back to article
  30. 30Mosler F, Priebe S, Bird V. Routine measurement of satisfaction with life and treatment aspects in mental health patients – the DIALOG scale in East London. BMC Health Services Research. 2020;20(1). DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05840-z
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.9060 | Journal eISSN: 1568-4156
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Submitted on: Nov 29, 2024
Accepted on: Sep 9, 2025
Published on: Sep 30, 2025
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
integrated care,
open mental health,
mental health,
realist evaluation,
lived experience,
voluntary sector

© 2025 Charley Hobson-Merrett, Rebecca Hardwick, Jane Yeandle, Beccy Wardle, Catherine Connor, John Gibson, Vanessa Pinfold, Alex Stirzaker, Richard Byng, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 25 (2025): Issue 3Next article