Figure 1
ESSA-model of network formation.
Table 1
Characteristics of the included networks.
| RURAL VILLAGE (A) | URBAN DISTRICT (B) | SMALL MUNICIPALITY (C) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Context | agricultural; socially active community, strong social cohesion | city; various health related and social challenges; high demand for healthcare | agricultural; GP seeks to prevent (future) challenges in the provision of care |
| Population | homogeneous | multicultural > 60 nationalities | low diversity |
| Number of residents | 2.100 | 16.000 | 21.000 |
| Income level# | low to average | very low to low | average |
| Network | care cooperative: Vitality cooperative | interprofessional healthcare network | health cooperative |
| Network initiator | high to medium educated group of citizens | primary care health centre | primary care physician with small group of high educated citizens |
| Network stage## | strengthening | shaping | exploring |
[i] # Income level compared to nationwide income level (average income in the Netherlands in 2025 is just over €46,000 gross per year. Source: Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB)).
## Related to ESSA-Model.
Table 2
Participants in the interviews.
| NETWORK | TYPE OF INTERVIEW | NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS | PARTICIPANTS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural community (A) | Duo interview | 1 |
|
| Group interview | 1 |
| |
| Individual interviews | 2 |
| |
| Urban district (B) | Group interview | 1 |
|
| Individual interviews | 9 |
| |
| Duo interview | 1 |
| |
| Small Municipality (C) | Individual interviews | 4 |
|
| Duo interview | 1 |
|
Table 3
Strategies applied to support development of the three networks.
| STRATEGIES | RURAL VILLAGE (A) | URBAN DISTRICT (B) | SMALL MUNICIPALITY (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of potential partners for collaboration | ✓ | ||
| Organizing the dialogue with partners to reach mutual understanding | ✓ | ||
| Co-creating a tool to measure the value of the interventions | ✓ | ||
| Supporting the organization of meetings with healthcare professionals and/or social workers and/or citizens | ✓ | ✓ | |
| The establishment and organisation of dialogue meetings with the sounding board group of citizens | ✓ | ||
| A stakeholder- and force-field analysis, stakeholder interviews | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Strength and Weakness (SWOT)-analysis | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Feedback on documents (e.g. job descriptions; a community care plan) | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Supporting the development of new strategic network objectives | ✓ | ||
| Dialogue sessions with the initiators of the network to share research findings | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Figure 2
Factors influencing collaboration.