Figure 1
Integrated Care Systems (ICSs) in England and how they work.
Figure 2
Leutz’s Five Laws of Integration [16].
Table 1
Description of the four ICS case sites.
| POPULATION SIZE | RURAL/URBAN | HISTORY OF PARTNERSHIP WORKING | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site A | 1 million, split into 4 place-based partnerships | Mixture |
|
| Site B | 1.8 million, split into 5 place-based partnerships | Mixture |
|
| Site C | 1.1 million, split into 5 place-based partnerships | Primarily rural with one major urban centre |
|
| Site D | 2 million, split into 7 place-based partnerships | Urban |
|
Table 2
Overview of research methods and data collection.
| RESEARCH METHOD | PARTICIPANTS/MEETINGS/DOCUMENTS |
|---|---|
| Observation of meetings | Meetings included:
|
| Interviews (n = 67) | ICS Exec team (n = 13): CEO, Independent Chair, Chief Information Officer, Other Exec members. Senior representatives in NHS acute and community and mental health Trusts (n = 13). CCGs and primary care (n = 7): CEO/deputy CEO, Chief Nurse, Director of Nursing, Clinical Chair, Director of Transformation, Performance and Assurance Quality leads: Chief Nurse, Chief Quality Officer, Lead for Quality Development (n = 13) Local Authority representatives: Director of Adult and Children Social Care Services, Director of Public Health (n = 13) Others: HealthWatch, VCSE and Public Involvement representatives (n = 8) |
| Documentary analysis | Meeting minutes and documents, ICS strategic plans, ICS quality strategy and framework |