Figure 1
Flowchart of the clinical data collected from 43 general practices across South Western Sydney.
Table 1
Change between baseline and follow-up clinical data collected.
# Range was 0.1–585 mg/mmol.
## Range was 28–892 umol/L.
Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation (except for UACR and serum creatinine), effect size is not reported for serum creatinine and UACR as a non-parametric test was performed.
| CLINICAL VARIABLES | PATIENT (n) | BASELINE DATA | FOLLOW-UP DATA | p-VALUE | EFFECT SIZE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 493 | 91.1 ± 23.6 | 87.9 ± 23.7 | <0.001 | 0.32 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 471 | 32.5 ± 7.4 | 31.2 ± 7.4 | <0.001 | 0.36 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 591 | 134 ± 18 | 126 ± 12 | <0.001 | 0.45 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 591 | 77 ± 11 | 74 ± 12 | <0.001 | 0.24 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 645 | 74 ± 22 | 63 ± 18 | <0.001 | 0.59 |
| HbA1c (%) | 645 | 8.9 ± 2.0 | 7.9 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 0.59 |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 591 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 0.007 | 0.11 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 588 | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 2.3 ± 4.0 | 0.83 | 0.01 |
| High Density Lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 567 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.06 |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 548 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | 0.19 |
| eGFR (Estimated glomerular filtration rate) mL/min/1.73m2 | 645 | 74.9 ± 22.4 | 73.8 ± 23.4 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
| Urine albumin creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)# median (interquartile range) | 439 | 2.2 (0.8–9.5) | 2.5 (0.9–10.6) | 0.97 | |
| Serum creatinine## (umol/L) median (interquartile range) | 643 | 80 (67–100) | 80 (69–97) | 0.09 |
Table 2
Shows number of patients achieving clinical targets (%) before and after consultation.
| CLINICAL VARIABLE | n | BEFORE CONSULTATION (% WITHIN TARGET/RANGE) | AFTER CONSULTATION (% WITHIN TARGET/RANGE) | p-VALUE FOR PRE/POST COMPARISON |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c (%) (≤7%) | 645 | 20.0 | 36.7 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (≤130mmHg) | 591 | 47 | 77 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (≤80mmHg) | 591 | 71 | 81 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (<4.0mmol/L) | 591 | 36.4 | 42.8 | 0.003 |
| Triglycerides (<2.0mmol/L) | 588 | 56.6 | 66.5 | <0.001 |
| HDL (≥1.0mmol/L) | 567 | 77.8 | 76.9 | 0.61 |
| LDL (<2.0mmol/L) | 548 | 36.1 | 41.2 | 0.01 |
Table 3
Shows the changes in the prescriptions of individual classes of diabetes medication before and after the consultation in 645 patients.
| MEDICATION | n | BEFORE (%) | AFTER (%) | p-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-insulin only | 645 | 63.1 | 54.3 | <0.001 |
| Insulin only | 8.5 | 6.5 | 0.06 | |
| Diet-controlled | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.58 | |
| Both non-insulin and insulin | 21.9 | 31.5 | <0.001 | |
| MEDICATION CLASSIFICATION | BEFORE (%) | AFTER (%) | p-VALUE | |
| Biguanides | 58.6 | 53.5 | 0.01 | |
| Sulphonylureas | 27.4 | 27.9 | 0.84 | |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 21.1 | 24.3 | 0.08 | |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 16.3 | 22.9 | <0.001 | |
| GLP-1 agonists | 4.7 | 9.3 | <0.001 | |
| Insulin | 30.1 | 37.7 | <0.001 |
Figure 2
Shows the mean change in HbA1c for 196 patients each year from 2017–2020.
Table 4
Shows change in mean HbA1c before and after consultation in four groups. Grouping was performed for gender (men and women) and HbA1c groups using quartiles and percentile for age groups.
| GENDER | n | BASELINE HbA1c(%) | FOLLOW-UP HbA1c(%) | p-VALUE | EFFECT SIZE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 351 | 8.7 ± 2.0 | 7.8 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 0.58 |
| Women | 294 | 9.0 ± 1.9 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 0.62 |
| HbA1c GROUPS | n | BASELINE HbA1c | FOLLOW-UP HbA1c | p-VALUE | |
| Group 1 = <7.5% | 205 | 6.9 ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 0.58 |
| Group 2 = 7.5–8.6% | 192 | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | 0.85 |
| Group 3 = 8.7–10.0% | 140 | 10 ± 1 | 8.6 ± 1 | <0.001 | 0.76 |
| Group 4 = >10.1% | 108 | 11.7 ± 1.5 | 10.5 ± 1.8 | <0.001 | 0.46 |
| AGE-GROUP (IN YEARS) | n | BASELINE HbA1c(%) | FOLLOW-UP HbA1c(%) | p-VALUE | |
| 18–54 | 163 | 9.6 ± 2.1 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | <0.001 | 0.61 |
| 55–64 | 162 | 9.3 ± 2.0 | 8.1 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 0.65 |
| 65–74 | 165 | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | 0.66 |
| 75–97 | 155 | 7.8 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | <0.001 | 0.50 |