Table 1
Primary care provider profile.
| ATTRIBUTE | OVERALL | NIPP | IPP |
|---|---|---|---|
| # Consenting (n (%)) | 26 | 13 (100) | 13 (81%) |
| # Completing survey (n (%)) | 21 (81%) | 10 (77%) | 11 (85%) |
| Years since graduation (Mean (SD)) | 28.2 (9.6) | 28.1 (9.6) | 28.4 (10.2) |
| Female (n (%)) | 11 (52) | 6 (60) | 5 (45) |
| Canadian Graduate (n (%)) | 21 (100) | 10 (100) | 11 (100) |
| Panel size (mean, (SD)) | 1,529 (1,166) | 1,820 (1,463) | 1,239 (749) |
| Half days worked/week (mean, (SD)) | 6.1 (2.1) | 7.2 (1.7) | 5.1 (1.9) |
| Total number of referrals | 131 | 102 | 29 |
Figure 1
Patient Flow Diagram.
* Received navigation services but did not complete the post intervention survey
¥ 4 did not have time, 3 did not want the support/had alternative, 2 need no longer present, 4 said would call back and didn’t, 1 didn’t provide a reason, and 1 didn’t want to complete the survey.
Table 2
Patient Socio-demographic profile (79 participants).
| FACTOR | GROUP | NUMBER (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | 60 (76) |
| Age (years) | 0–49 | 30 (38) |
| 50–64 | 24 (30) | |
| 65+ | 25 (32) | |
| Language at home | English only | 74 (94) |
| Immigrant | Born in Canada | 64 (81) |
| Financial Situation | Comfortable/Very comfortable | 13 (16) |
| Modestly comfortable | 21 (27) | |
| Tight/Very tight/Poor | 45 (57) | |
| Household income | <$25.000 | 25 (32) |
| $25.000 – $50.000 | 20 (25) | |
| $50.000 + | 34 (43) | |
| Highest education | University Degree | 20 (25) |
| Some Post-Secondary | 30 (38) | |
| High school or less | 29 (37) | |
| Occupation | Employed | 24 (30) |
| Unemployed or Unable to work | 29 (37) | |
| Retired/Other | 26 (33) | |
| Ethnic background | White (Caucasian/European) | 65 (82) |
| Black | 7 (9) | |
| Other* | 7 (9) | |
| Living alone | Yes | 25 (32) |
| History of anxiety/depression | Yes | 54 (69) |
[i] * 3 Aboriginal, 2 Latin American, and one each Chinese, Other (unspecified).
Figure 2
Patient needs as identified by the provider (referral) and during the patient – ARC navigator consultations.
Figure 3
Patient level barriers in accessing community resource(s).
Figure 4
Provider Experience Across Practice Models.
Providers were asked to indicate their agreement with statements relating to their experience. Response options ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
Figure 5
Patient Experience with ARC services.
Participants were asked to select their response to statements relating to their experience. Response options were: Good/Excellent vs Poor/Fair¥; Usually/Always vs Never/Sometimes♦; Yes, generally/Yes, definitely vs No, definitely not/No, not reallyθ; and Yes vs Noφ.
Table 3
Ability scores.
| N | PRE | POST | MEAN DIFF. (SD) | p VALUE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| * Ability to seek♦ (very easy = 1, Not easy at all = 4) | |||||
| In general, how easy is it for you to get health information by yourself when you need it? | 52 | 2.08 | 2.02 | 0.058 (0.873) | 0.64 |
| How easy is it for you to decide which health professionals you need to see? | 51 | 2.06 | 1.71 | 0.353 (0.716) | <0.001 |
| * Ability to Perceive♦ (very easy = 1, Not easy at all = 4) | |||||
| How easy is it for you to find out which health services you have the right to receive? | 46 | 2.74 | 2.17 | 0.565 (0.981) | <0.001 |
| How easy is it for you to find the healthcare you need? | 53 | 2.34 | 2.02 | 0.321 (0.956) | 0.018 |
| Ability to pay♦ (Never = 1, Often = 3) | |||||
| How often did you not take drugs that were prescribed by a doctor or nurse because of their cost? | 53 | 1.3 | 1.25 | 0.057 (0.497) | 0.41 |
| How often did you not take laboratory tests or exams that were prescribed by a doctor or nurse because of their cost (like blood draw, X-rays, etc.)? | 54 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.056 (0.231) | 0.083 |
| Ability to Engage♦ (very easy = 1, Not easy at all = 4) | |||||
| How easy is it for you to explain your problems to health professionals? | 55 | 2.05 | 1.87 | 0.182 (0.945) | 0.16 |
| Patient Activation Measure¥ | 39 | 2.98 | 3.07 | –0.082 (0.38) | 0.18 |
[i] Mean Diff = Mean Difference. SD = Standard Deviation.
For Abilities, positive values represent a reduction in barriers measured at post-intervention measures. For the Patient Activation Measure, negative scores represent a change in the desired direction.
* Starred dimensions were hypothesized to be influenced by the ARC navigation services.
♦ Analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Text.
¥ Analysed using Paired t-test.