Table 1
Characteristics of the respondents.
| TOTAL | SERVICE USERS AND INFORMAL CARERS | PROFESSIONALS | POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS | RESEARCHERS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1,013 | 163 | 295 | 279 | 276 |
| (%) | 100.0 | 16.1 | 29.1 | 27.5 | 27.2 |
| European sub-region of origin (%) | |||||
| Western Europe | 24.6 | 30.1 | 15.6 | 27.2 | 28.3 |
| Northern Europe | 37.7 | 39.9 | 33.2 | 40.5 | 38.4 |
| Southern Europe | 30.1 | 20.9 | 47.1 | 22.9 | 24.6 |
| Eastern Europe | 7.6 | 9.2 | 4.1 | 9.3 | 8.7 |
| Years of experience (%) | |||||
| 0–5 years | 11.5 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 11.6 | 17.2 |
| 5–10 years | 13.2 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 16.4 |
| 10–15 years | 14.4 | 13.7 | 10.8 | 14.8 | 18.2 |
| 15–20 years | 14.5 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 17.3 | 14.6 |
| 20+ years | 46.3 | 54.2 | 55.3 | 45.1 | 33.6 |
| Gender (%) | |||||
| Male | 37.2 | 30.2 | 39.1 | 45.8 | 30.5 |
| Female | 62.6 | 69.8 | 60.5 | 53.8 | 69.5 |
| Non-binary | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Age (SD) | 48.4 (12.0) | 53.8 (14.1) | 47.9 (11.3) | 48.8 (11.0) | 45.2 (11.3) |
Table 2
Priority values and importance scores (n = 1,013).
| INCLUDED IN SELECTION OF 3 MOST IMPORTANT VALUES (%) | IMPORTANCE SCORE ON 1–9 SCALE | |
|---|---|---|
| Person-centred – Valuing people through establishing and maintaining personal contact and relationships, to ensure that services and communication are based on the unique situations of users and informal carers. | 47.3 | 8.15 |
| Co-ordinated – Connection and alignment between users, informal carers, professionals and organisations in the care chain, to reach a common focus matching the needs of the unique person. | 34.1 | 8.55 |
| Holistic – Putting users and informal carers in the centre of a service that is ‘whole person’ focused in terms of their physical, social, socio-economical, biomedical, psychological, spiritual and emotional needs. | 24.7 | 8.14 |
| Effective – Ensuring that care is designed in such a way that outcomes serve health outcomes, costs, user experience and professional experience. | 22.8 | 7.76 |
| Trustful – Enabling mutual trusting between users, informal carers, communities, professionals and organisations, in and across teams. | 21.3 | 8.35 |
| Empowering – Supporting people’s ability and responsibility to build on their strengths, make their own decisions and manage their own health, depending on their needs and capacities. | 18.0 | 8.28 |
| Respectful – Treating people with respect and dignity, being aware of their experiences, feelings, perceptions, culture and social circumstances. | 17.8 | 8.17 |
| Led by whole-systems thinking – Taking interrelatedness and interconnectedness into account, realising changes in one part of the system can affect other parts. | 15.2 | 8.10 |
| Efficient – Using resources as wisely as possible and avoiding duplication. | 15.2 | 7.98 |
| Preventative – There is an emphasis on promoting health and wellbeing and avoiding crises with timely detection and action by and with users, informal carers and communities. | 14.7 | 8.00 |
| Shared responsibility and accountability – The acknowledgment that multiple actors are responsible and accountable for the quality and outcomes of care, based on collective ownership of actions, goals and objectives, between users, informal carers, professionals and providers. | 13.5 | 8.29 |
| Continuous – Services that are consistent, coherent and connected, that address user’s needs across their life course. | 13.4 | 8.38 |
| Collaborative – Establishing and maintaining good (working) relationships between users, informal carers, professionals and organisations – by working together across sectors, and in networks, teams and communities. | 12.3 | 8.24 |
| Co-produced – Engaging users, informal carers and communities in the design, implementation and improvement of services, through partnerships, in collaboration with professionals and providers. | 9.2 | 8.34 |
| Comprehensive – Users and informal carers are provided with a full range of care services and resources designed to meet their evolving needs and preferences. | 8.0 | 7.96 |
| Flexible – Care that is able to change quickly and effectively, to respond to the unique, evolving needs of users and informal carers, both in professional teams and organisations. | 7.5 | 8.22 |
| Transparently shared – Transparently sharing of information, decisions, consequences and results, between users, informal carers, professionals, providers, commissioners, funders, policy-makers and the public. | 4.2 | 7.62 |
| Reciprocal – Care is based on interdependent relationships between users, informal carers, professionals and providers, and facilitates cooperative, mutual exchange of knowledge, information and other resources. | 0.6 | 7.93 |
Figure 1
Priority values of the actor groups.
* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01.
Figure 2
Priority values across European sub-regions.
* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01.
Table 3
Results of PCA and Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization of the two factors.
| --- FACTOR --- | ||
|---|---|---|
| PEOPLE RELATED | GOVERNANCE AND ORGANISATION | |
| Eigenvalues and cumulative proportion of variance explained by principal components analysis | ||
| Eigenvalue | 8.402 | 1.026 |
| Cum. variance | 46.678 | 52.375 |
| Factor pattern Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization | ||
| Empowering | .805 | .064 |
| Holistic | .790 | .064 |
| Person-centered | .781 | .048 |
| Co-produced | .701 | –,.70 |
| Respectful | .608 | .015 |
| Trustful | .536 | –.124 |
| Collaborative | .528 | –.262 |
| Shared responsibility and accountability | .438 | –.241 |
| Reciprocal | .423 | –.415 |
| Flexible | .408 | –.359 |
| Effective | –.179 | –.908 |
| Efficient | –.105 | –.877 |
| Continuous | .142 | –.697 |
| Transparently shared | .190 | –.556 |
| Preventative | .236 | –.552 |
| Led by whole-systems thinking | .237 | –.493 |
| Comprehensive | .331 | –.472 |
| Co-ordinated | .288 | –.465 |