Table 1
Overview of data sources available for each patient population under study.
| Study Population | Data on sickness funds (IMA) | GP data | Hospital data | BELRAI | PROMs & PREMs | Statistical analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population A: Target population | The population for whom the developing services that will be offered by the ICP are intended and who are living in the specified geographical region | X (aggregate level) | Cross-sectional time series & longitudinal cohort study | ||||
| Population B: Included patients | The part of the target population that has actually been included in the ICP and who have been offered ICP-related services | X | X | X | X | Longitudinal cohort study | |
Table 2
Overview of the most relevant Quadruple Aim indicators and samples of interest.
| Domain and indicator | Numerator | Denominator | Data Source | Sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Health | ||||
| Mortality | Number of deaths | Total population & population stratified by age and subgroups | IMA | A/B |
| Occupational disability | Number of people who have reported a lapse in professional occupation due to health issues during the last 12 months | Active population stratified by the criteria mentioned later | IMA | A/B |
| Activities of daily living (ADL) & instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) | Number of people with ADL > 3/IADL after 1 year | Total number of patients stratified by subgroups | BELRAI | B |
| Mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain & discomfort, anxiety & depression | Number of people with no or slight problems | Total number of patients in Sample C | EQ-5D-5L** | B |
| Quality of life on a visual analogue scale | Number of people with a self-reported quality of life > 80 | Total number of patients in Sample C | EQ-5D-5L | B |
| Patient Experiences | ||||
| PACIC domains (4): Patient activation; delivery system design; goal setting; problem solving | The average percentage of patients who respond “most of the time” for each domain | Total number of people in the sample | PACIC** | B |
| Cost efficiency, care with high and low value and equity | ||||
| ED visits and hospitalization through the emergency department (per 1000) during the last 12 months | Number of episodes during the last 12 months | Total population & population stratified by subgroups (Rate) | IMA | A/B |
| Number of early 30-d readmissions (per 1000) in the last 12 months due to Xi disease | Number of early 30-d readmissions in the last 12 months | Total population & population stratified by subgroups (Rate) | IMA | A/B |
| Number and indices of n° of specialized visits/GP visits*** | Number of outpatient specialized visits in the last 12 months in a given person’s profile | Total population & population stratified by subgroups & by SES**** (Rate) | IMA | A/B |
| Number of dental visits per year**** | Number of early 30-d readmissions in the last 12 months | Stratified by SES | ||
| Proportion of patients using ≥5/10 drugs (per 1000), last 12 months, due to any cause | Number of patients using ≥5/10 drugs, last 12 months, due to any cause | Total population & population stratified by subgroups | IMA | A/B |
| Proportion of patients with ≥2 ER consultations during a 6 months period, last 12 months | Number of patients with ≥2 EM consultations during a 6 months period, last 12 months | Total population & population stratified by subgroups | IMA | A/B |
| Professional Well Being | ||||
| Indicator | Numerator | Denominator | ||
| Relational coordination | Number of providers who indicate that they often or always collaborate | Total number of providers | RC survey | C |
| Job satisfaction | Average number of providers who respond “Satisfied” or “Very satisfied” for select indicators of job satisfaction | Total number of providers | 4N4Cast | C |
| Burnout | Average number of providers who respond “Often”, “Very often” or “Always” for select indicators of UBOS | Total number of providers | UBOS | C |
[i] * Population A includes population B.
** Self-Reported.
**** Serving as an indicator for equity [62].
**** SES = Socio Economic Status.
Table 3
Key process indicators common to all ICPs.
| Action | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Inclusion | % of included patients (with informed consent) |
| Medication review | Relative share of medication that was prescribed using the International Non-proprietary Name (INN) |
| Training sessions for professionals | Number of training sessions organized |
| Number of professionals (per type) who participated | |
| Training sessions for patients | Number of training sessions organized |
| Number of patients who participated | |
| Case management | Number of patients in a case management trajectory |
| Case management | Case load: Number of patients in case management/number FTE case managers |
| Care pathways | Number of pathways |
| Number of patients in each pathway |