Using Geospatial Analysis to Inform Development of a Place-Based Integrated Care Initiative: The Healthy Homes and Neighbourhoods Experience

– Material neglect, financial insecurity and limited resources

– Emotional neglect from parents

– Family violence – victims/perpetrators/observers

– Family relationship breakdown, separation or loss of parent

– Negative or absent role modelling

– Peer relationships – acceptance/discrimination/bullying

– Abusive relationships with partners and others

– Relationship/family break-ups

– Arrival of child and parenting pressures/challenges

– Harmful peer relationships

– Alcohol and drug use

– Mental health issues

– School disruption

– Leaving school early

– Criminal activity

– Difficulty forming relationships

– Low self-esteem

– Disinterest and disengagement in academia

– Low confidence and expectation of achievement

– Transience in the school environment/delivery approach

– Influential peer relationships – bullying, truancy, illicit behaviours

– Service access and delivery within or outside ‘mainstream’

– Lack of employment opportunity

– Literacy and numeracy issues

– Alcohol/drug use

– Criminal activity

– Low self-esteem

– Social disconnection

– Job loss/redundancy

– Long-term unemployment and absence from workforce

– Work capacity/capability, confidence and motivation

– Discrimination from employers/service providers

– Restricted availability and suitability of employment options

– Financial pressure and debt

– Health issues

– Low self-esteem

– Relationship break-down

– Homelessness

– Loss of skills

– Social disconnection

– Accident or onset of illness/physical disability

– Development of or long-term mental health issues

– Trauma and emotional wellbeing

– Dependency/substance abuse/addiction (alcohol, drugs, gambling)

– Disruption of education/employment

– Long-term unemployment

– Relationship break-down

– Social disconnection

– Other health issues

– Alcohol/drug use

– Low self-esteem

– Incarceration

– Low self-esteem, confidence, sense of purpose

– Cultural expectations, behaviours, influence

– Discrimination and prejudice

– Lack of employment opportunity

– Social disconnection

– Low self-esteem

– Health issues

– Locality (remoteness and access to community services, relocation/transience)

– Housing (condition of housing environment/neighbourhood, homelessness)

– Incarceration (reinforcement and normalisation of negative behaviours in institutionalisation, discrimination and segregation following release)

– Lack of employment opportunity

– Social disconnection

– Risks to safety and wellbeing

– Drug/alcohol use

– Low self-esteem

– Health issues

– High proportion of the population identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander

– Low rates of year 12 attainment

– Low median weekly household income

– High proportion of people reporting speaking English not well or not at all

– High proportion of people requiring assistance with activities of daily living (disability)

– High proportion of one-parent families

– Large proportion of households with no access to a car

– Large proportion of housing consisting of state housing

– Large proportion of households with no internet access

– High rates of unemployment

– Low labour force participation rates

– High rates of teen mothers

– High rates of sole mothers (pregnant women without partners)

– High rates of smoking during pregnancy

– High rates of pregnant women with a high antenatal Edinburgh depression score (≥10)

– High rates of pregnant women reporting domestic violence (have either been hit or hurt by their partner, or report being frightened of their partner)

– High rates of pregnant women reporting a history of child abuse

– High rates of families known to Family and Community Services (FACS)

– High rates of pregnant women who have other children in out-of-home care

– High rates of women who report consuming alcohol during pregnancy

– High rates of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants

– High rates of pregnant women with delayed antenatal care (first visit at ≥20 weeks)