References
- 1Biglan, A, Flay, BR, Embry, DD and Sandler, IN. The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being. American Psychologist, 2012; 67(4): 257. DOI: 10.1037/a0026796
- 2Canadian Association of Paediatric Health Centres, The National Infant, Child, and Youth Mental Health Consortium Advisory, and The Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO. Access & wait times in child and youth mental health: A background paper. Ottawa, Canada: The Provincial Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health at CHEO; 2010.
- 3Henderson, JL, Cheung, A, Cleverley, K, Chaim, G, Moretti, ME, de Oliveira, C, Hawke, LD, Willan, AR, O’Brien, D, Heffernan, O and Herzog, T. Integrated collaborative care teams to enhance service delivery to youth with mental health and substance use challenges: Protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 2017 Feb 1; 7(2):
e014080 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014080 - 4Kirby, MJ, Keon, WJ and Dinsdale, HB. Out of the shadows at last: Transforming mental health, mental illness and addiction services in Canada (Final Report of The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology) (Internet); 2006 (cited 2017 Sep 9). Available from:
https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/802965 . - 5Waddell, C, McEwan, K, Shepherd, CA, Offord, DR and Hua, JM. A public health strategy to improve the mental health of Canadian children. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2005; 50(4): 226–233. DOI: 10.1177/070674370505000406
- 6Flay, BR. Positive youth development requires comprehensive health promotion programs. American journal of health behavior, 2002; 26(6): 407–424. DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.26.6.2
- 7Lerner, JV, Bowers, EP, Minor, K, Boyd, MJ, Mueller, MK, Schmid, KL, et al. Positive youth development: Processes, philosophies, and programs; 2013.
- 8Bronfenbrenner, U and Morris, PA.
The Bioecological Model of Human Development . In: Lerner, RM and Damon, W (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development, 2006; 793–828. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. - 9Burns, MK. Contextualizing school psychology practice: Introducing featured research commentaries. School Psychology Review, 2013 42(3): 334–342.
- 10Cook, JR and Kilmer, RP. Defining the scope of systems of care: An ecological perspective. Evaluation and Program Planning, 2010; 33(1): 18–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.05.006
- 11Lavallée, L and Lévesque, L.
Two-eyed seeing: Physical activity, sport, and recreation promotion in Indigenous communities . In: Forsyth, J and Giles, AR (Eds.), Aboriginal peoples & sport in Canada, 2013; 206–228. Vancouver: UBC. - 12Sallis, JF, Cervero, RB, Ascher, W, Henderson, KA, Kraft, MK and Kerr, J. An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health, 2006; 27: 297–322. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100
- 13Hetrick, SE, Bailey, AP, Smith, KE, Malla, A, Mathias, S, Singh, SP, et al. Integrated (one-stop shop) youth health care: Best available evidence and future directions. The Medical journal of Australia, 2017; 207(10): 5–18. DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00694
- 14Settipani, C, Cleverley, K, Hawke, LD, Chaim, G, Rice, M, Cheung, A, Szatmari, P and Henderson, J. Key components and characteristics of integrated care hubs for youth mental health and addiction: A scoping review, submitted manuscript.
- 15Lerner, RM, Agans, JP, DeSouza, LM and Hershberg, RM. Developmental science in 2025: A predictive review. Research in Human Development, 2014; 11(4): 255–272. DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2014.967046
- 16Overton, WF.
Processes, relations, and relational-developmental-systems . In: Handbook of child psychology and developmental science. John Wiley & Sons, 2015; 9–62. DOI: 10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy102 - 17Bronfenbrenner, U.
Developmental ecology through space and time: A future perspective . In: Moen, P, Elder, GH,Jr. and Luscher, K (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspective son the ecology of human development, 1995; 619–647. Washington. D.C: American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10176-018 - 18Bronfenbrenner, U.
Environments in developmental perspective: Theoretical and operational models . In: Friedman, SL and Wachs, TD (Eds.), Measuring the environment across the lifespan: Emerging methods and concepts, 1999; 3–28. Washington. D.C: American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10317-001 - 19Bronfenbrenner, U.
The ecology of human development . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1979. - 20Tudge, JR, Mokrova, I, Hatfield, BE and Karnik, RB. Uses and misuses of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 2009; 1(4): 198–210. DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-2589.2009.00026.x
- 21Strachan, L, Fraser-Thomas, J and Nelson-Ferguson, K.
An ecological perspective on high performance sport and positive youth development . In: Holt, NL (Eds.), Positive youth development through sport, 2016; 57–68. New York: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315709499-6 - 22Hope, EC and Spencer, MB.
Civic engagement as an adaptive coping response to conditions of inequality: An application of phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST) . In: Handbook on positive development of minority children and youth. Springer, 2017; 421–435. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43645-6_25 - 23Roach, J, Wureta, E and Ross, L. Dilemmas of practice in the ecology of emancipatory youth-adult partnerships. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 2013; 4(3.1): 475–488.
- 24Spencer, MB. Phenomenology and ecological systems theory: Development of diverse groups. In: Lerner, RM and Damon, W (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development, 2006; 829–893.
- 25Burns, MK, Warmbold-Brann, K and Zaslofsky, AF. Ecological systems theory in school psychology review. School Psychology Review, 2015; 44(3): 249–261. DOI: 10.17105/spr-15-0092.1
- 26Stroul, BA and Friedman, RM.
A system of care for severely emotionally disturbed children & youth . Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Assistance Center, Georgetown University, Child Development Center; 1986. - 27Sigfusdottir, ID, Kristjansson, AL, Thorlindsson, T and Allegrante, JP. Trends in prevalence of substance use among Icelandic adolescents, 1995–2006. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 2008 May 28; 3: 12. DOI: 10.1186/1747-597X-3-12
- 28Sigfúsdóttir, ID, Thorlindsson, T, Kristjánsson, ÁL, Roe, KM and Allegrante, JP. Substance use prevention for adolescents: the Icelandic Model. Health Promot Int, 2008; 24(1): 16–25. DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dan038
- 29Hellison, D, Martinek, T, Walsh, D and Holt, N.
Sport and responsible leadership among youth . In: Holt, NL (Eds.), Positive youth development through sport, 2009; 49–60. New York: Routledge. - 30Lerner, RM, Lerner, JV, Almerigi, J, Theokas, C, Phelps, E, Naudeau, S, et al. Towards a new vision and vocabulary about adolescence: Theoretical, empirical, and applied bases of a “Positive Youth Development” perspective. In: Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues (Internet), 2006 (cited 2017 Sep 9); 445–469.
- 31Zeldin, S and Camino, L. Youth Leadership: Linking Research and Program Theory to Exemplary Practice. Research and Practice: Completing the Circle. New Designs for Youth Development, 1999; 15(1): 10–15.
- 32Libby, M, Rosen, M and Sedonaen, M. Building youth–adult partnerships for community change: Lessons from the youth leadership institute. Journal of Community Psychology, 2005; 33(1): 111–120. DOI: 10.1002/jcop.20037
- 33Ramey, HL, Rose-Krasnor, L, Busseri, MA, Gadbois, S, Bowker, A and Findlay, L. Measuring psychological engagement in youth activity involvement. Journal of adolescence, 2015; 45: 237–249. DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.09.006
- 34Zeldin, S and Collura, J. Being Y-AP savvy: A primer on creating & sustaining youth-adult partnerships (Internet); 2010 (cited 2017 Sep 9). Available from:
https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/19325 . - 35Krauss, SE, Collura, J, Zeldin, S, Ortega, A, Abdullah, H and Sulaiman, AH. Youth–adult partnership: Exploring contributions to empowerment, agency and community connections in Malaysian youth programs. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2013; 43(9): 1550–1562. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-0027-1
- 36Evans, SD. Youth sense of community: Voice and power in community contexts. Journal of Community Psychology, 2007; 35(6): 693–709. DOI: 10.1002/jcop.20173
- 37Mitra, DL. The significance of students: Can increasing “student voice” in schools lead to gains in youth development? Teachers college record, 2004; 106: 651–688. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00354.x
- 38Zeldin, S, Gauley, J, Krauss, SE, Kornbluh, M and Collura, J. Youth–adult partnership and youth civic development: Cross-national analyses for scholars and field professionals. Youth & Society, 2015; 1–28.
- 39Zeldin, S and Petrokubi, J. Youth-Adult Partnership: Impacting Individuals and Communities. Prevention Researcher, 2008; 15(2): 16–20.
- 40Serido, J, Borden, LM and Perkins, DF. Moving beyond youth voice. Youth & society, 2011; 43(1): 44–63. DOI: 10.1177/0044118X09351280
- 41Halsall, T, Garinger, C and Forneris, T. mindyourmind: An Overview and Evaluation of a Web-Facilitated Mental Health Program that Applies Empowerment Strategies for Youth. J. Consum. Health Internet, 2014; 18: 337–356. DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2014.952998
- 42Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario. Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario (Internet). 2018. Available from:
https://youthhubs.ca/ . - 43ACCESS Open Minds. Project governance (Internet). Available from:
http://accessopenminds.ca/about/project-organization/ . - 44Coles, ME and Coleman, SL. Barriers to treatment seeking for anxiety disorders: Initial data on the role of mental health literacy. Depression and anxiety, 2010; 27(1): 63–71. DOI: 10.1002/da.20620
- 45Gulliver, A, Griffiths, KM and Christensen, H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: A systematic review. BMC psychiatry, 2010; 10(1): 113. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-113
- 46Berger, M, Wagner, TH and Baker, LC. Internet use and stigmatized illness. Social science & medicine, 2005; 61(8): 1821–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.025
- 47Naylor, PB, Cowie, HA, Walters, SJ, Talamelli, L and Dawkins, J. Impact of a mental health teaching programme on adolescents. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2009; 194(4): 365–70. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.053058
- 48Halsall, T, Garinger, C, Dixon, K and Forneris, T. Evaluation of a social media strategy to promote mental health literacy and help-seeking in youth. Submitted to the J. Consum. Health Internet, forthcoming; 25.
- 49Clarke, AM, Kuosmanen, T and Barry, MM. A systematic review of online youth mental health promotion and prevention interventions. Journal of youth and adolescence, 2015; 44(1): 90–113. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0165-0
- 50Cross, SP, Hermens, DF, Scott, EM, Ottavio, A, McGorry, PD and Hickie, IB. A clinical staging model for early intervention youth mental health services. Am Psychiatric Assoc; 2014.
- 51Iorfino, F, Davenport, TA, Ospina-Pinillos, L, Hermens, DF, Cross, S, Burns, J, et al. Using new and emerging technologies to identify and respond to suicidality among help-seeking young people: A cross-sectional study. Journal of medical internet research, 2017; 19(7). DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7897
- 52Mental Health Commission of Canada.
E-Mental Health in Canada: Transforming the Mental Health System Using Technology (Internet). Ottawa, ON; 2014. Available from:http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca . - 53Lal, S and Adair, CE. E-mental health: A rapid review of the literature. Psychiatric Services, 2014; 65(1): 24–32. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300009
- 54Roth, J, Brooks-Gunn, J, Murray, L and Foster, W. Promoting healthy adolescents: Synthesis of youth development program evaluations. Journal of research on Adolescence, 1998; 8(4): 423–459. DOI: 10.1207/s15327795jra0804_2
- 55Damon, W. What Is Positive Youth Development? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2004; 591: 13–24. DOI: 10.1177/0002716203260092
- 56Lewis, KM, DuBois, DL, Bavarian, N, Acock, A, Silverthorn, N, Day, J, et al. Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth: A cluster-randomized trial. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2013; 53(6): 706–711. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.012
- 57Curran, T and Wexler, L. School-Based Positive Youth Development: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of school health, 2017; 87(1): 71–80. DOI: 10.1111/josh.12467
- 58Holt, NL.
Positive youth development through sport . Routledge; 2016. DOI: 10.4324/9781315709499 - 59Mahoney, JL, Harris, AL and Eccles, JS. Organized Activity Participation, Positive Youth Development, and the Over-Scheduling Hypothesis. Social Policy Report, 2006; 20(4): 3–31. DOI: 10.1002/j.2379-3988.2006.tb00049.x
- 60Kutcher, S.
Child and Youth Mental Health: Investing in the Front End . SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA; 2017. - 61Expert Panel on Youth Employment. 13 Ways to modernize youth employment in Canada – Strategies for a new world of work (Internet). 2017. Available from:
http://www12.esdc.gc.ca/sgpe-pmps/servlet/sgpp-pmps-pub?lang=eng&curjsp=p.5bd.2t.1.3ls@-eng.jsp&curactn=dwnld&pid=56563&did=5006 . - 62Ontario Ministry of Education. Specialist High Skills Major (Internet). 2013. Available from:
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/morestudentsuccess/shsm_fact_sheet.pdf . - 63O’Donohue, WT and Draper, C.
The case for evidence-based stepped care as part of a reformed delivery system . In: Stepped care and e-health: Practical applications to behavioral disorders, 2011; 1–16. O’Donohue & C. Draper (Eds). New York: Springer Science + Business Media. - 64Ho, FY-Y, Yeung, W-F, Ng, TH-Y and Chan, CS. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of stepped care prevention and treatment for depressive and/or anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 2016; 6: 29281. DOI: 10.1038/srep29281
- 65Levenson, JC, Shensa, A, Sidani, JE, Colditz, JB and Primack, BA. The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults. Preventive medicine, 2016; 85: 36–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001
- 66Lin, Ly, Sidani, JE, Shensa, A, Radovic, A, Miller, E, Colditz, JB, et al. Association between social media use and depression among US young adults. Depression and anxiety, 2016; 33(4): 323–31. DOI: 10.1002/da.22466
- 67Primack, BA, Shensa, A, Sidani, JE, Whaite, EO, Lin, Ly, Rosen, D, et al. Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the US. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017; 53(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010
- 68Hollis, C, Falconer, CJ, Martin, JL, Whittington, C, Stockton, S, Glazebrook, C, et al. Annual Research Review: Digital health interventions for children and young people with mental health problems–a systematic and meta-review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017; 58(4): 474–503. DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12663
- 69Ingram, D. Facebook hits 2 billion-user mark, doubling in size since 2012 (Internet); 2017 Jun. Available from:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-users/facebook-hits-2-billion-user-mark-doubling-in-size-since-2012-idUSKBN19I2GG . - 70World Health Organization.
Child and adolescent mental health policies and plans – Google Scholar (Internet). Geneva; 2005 (cited 2018 Feb 9). Available from:https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=CHILD+AND+ADOLESCENT+MENTAL+HEALTH+POLICIES+AND+PLANS&btnG= . - 71Frayme. Frayme’s Inaugural Convening Summary Report (Internet); 2018. Available from:
https://www.frayme.ca/news/frayme%E2%80%99s-inaugural-convening-summary-report . - 72Naiman, A, Glazier, RH and Moineddin, R. Association of anti-smoking legislation with rates of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2010; 182(8): 761–7. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.091130
- 73Naiman, AB, Glazier, RH and Moineddin, R. Is there an impact of public smoking bans on self-reported smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke? BMC Public Health, 2011; 11(1): 146. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-146
- 74World Health Organization. 100% smoke-free is the only answer (Internet); 2017. Available from:
http://www.who.int/tobacco/communications/events/wntd/2007/smoke_free/en/ . - 75Statistics Canada. Insights on Canadian Society Cyberbullying and cyberstalking among Internet users aged 15 to 29 in Canada (Internet); 2016. Available from:
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-006-x/2016001/article/14693-eng.htm . - 76Kuss, DJ, Van Rooij, AJ, Shorter, GW, Griffiths, MD and van de Mheen, D. Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 2013; 29(5): 1987–1996. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
- 77Kuss, DJ, Griffiths, MD and Binder, JF. Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 2013; 29(3): 959–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024
- 78Collins, ME, Augsberger, A and Gecker, W. Youth councils in municipal government: Examination of activities, impact and barriers. Children and Youth Services Review, 2016; 65: 140–147. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.04.007
- 79Huggett, D, Flynn, A, Jaouich, A, Taylor-Gates, M and Davidson, S. Engaging Youth in a Mental Health System Improvement Initiative in Ontario: Developing the Be Safe Resource. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 2017; 36(2): 1–11. DOI: 10.7870/cjcmh-2017-019
- 80Ramey, HL, Lawford, HL and Rose-Krasnor, L. Doing for others: youth’s contributing behaviors and psychological engagement in youth-adult partnerships. Journal of adolescence, 2017; 55: 129–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.01.001
- 81Denison, JA, Pettifor, A, Mofenson, LM, Kasedde, S, Marcus, R, Konayuma, KJ, et al. Youth engagement in developing an implementation science research agenda on adolescent HIV testing and care linkages in sub-Saharan Africa. Aids, 2017; 31: S195–S201. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001509
- 82Augsberger, A, Collins, ME, Gecker, W and Dougher, M. Youth civic engagement: Do youth councils reduce or reinforce social inequality? Journal of Adolescent Research, 2018; 33(2): 1–22. DOI: 10.1177/0743558416684957
- 83Augsberger, A, Collins, ME and Gecker, W. Best Practices for Youth Engagement in Municipal Government. National Civic Review, 2017; 106(1): 9–16. DOI: 10.1002/ncr.21304
- 84Futch Ehrlich, VA. The promise of qualitative methods for expanding theories of positive youth development. Qualitative Psychology, 2016; 3(1): 2. DOI: 10.1037/qup0000048
- 85Campbell-Patton, C and Patton, MQ. Conceptualizing and evaluating the complexities of youth civic engagement. Handbook of research on civic engagement in youth, 2010; 593–619. DOI: 10.1002/9780470767603.ch22
- 86Patton, MQ.
Developmental evaluation: Applying complexity concepts to enhance innovation and use (Internet). New York: Guilford Press; 2010. - 87Patton, MQ.
Principles-Focused Evaluation: The GUIDE . New York: Guilford Press; 2017. - 88Patton, GC, Sawyer, SM, Santelli, JS, Ross, DA, Afifi, R, Allen, NB, et al. Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. The Lancet, 2016; 387(10036): 2423–2478. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00579-1
