Shared Patterns in Long-Term Dynamics of Commons as Institutions for Collective Action

Mike Farjam; Tine De Moor; René van Weeren; Anders Forsman; Molood Ale Ebrahim Dehkordi; Amineh Ghorbani; Giangiacomo Bravo

doi:10.5334/ijc.959

Figures & Tables

Overview of regulatory activities in the dataset. The figure shows the density of regulatory activities per year and commons.

Smoothed estimates of regulatory activities during the existence of a common by category (deontic and aim).

Table 1

Fixed effects estimates for the generalized mixed effects model using the number of regulatory activities as outcome. The model also includes random effects for commons. We present robustness checks in the Appendix.

	Estimate	SE	z	p
Intercept	1.05207	0.25737	4.085	0.000
year	–0.00989	0.00074	–13.295	0.000
year²	0.00002	0.00000	14.993	0.000
UK	0.57616	1.27629	0.451	0.652
year × UK	0.00777	0.00645	1.204	0.229
year² × UK	–0.00001	0.00000	–3.262	0.001

Table 2

Fixed effects estimates for the mixed effects model using the proportion of strictly administrative changes as outcome. The model also includes random effects for commons.

	Estimate	SE	t	p
Intercept	0.10055	0.08370	1.201	0.230
year	0.00114	0.00019	6.083	0.000
UK	–0.18116	0.21052	–0.861	0.389
N. of rule changes	–0.00094	0.00115	–0.819	0.413
year × UK	–0.00066	0.00052	–1.263	0.207

Table 3

Fixed effects estimates for the mixed effects model using the ratio of sanctioning rules as outcome. The model also includes random effects for commons.

	Estimate	SE	t	p
Intercept	0.74927	0.08984	8.340	0.000
year	–0.00115	0.00019	–6.185	0.000
UK	0.06184	0.22530	0.274	0.784
N. of rule changes	0.00099	0.00120	0.827	0.408
year × UK	0.00112	0.00055	2.049	0.040

Table 4

Fixed effects estimates for the generalized mixed effects model using the number of regulatory activities as outcome with added zeros to both ends of the life-span of a common. Random effects for commons were included in the model.

	Estimate	Std. Error	z	p
Intercept	0.54361	0.24	2.26	0.024
year	–0.00692	0.00	–9.39	0.000
year²	0.00001	0.00	11.01	0.000
UK	–1.64529	1.15	–1,43	0.152
year × UK	0.01629	0.00	2.79	0.005
year² × UK	–0.00001	0.00	–4.63	0.000

Table 5

Fixed effects estimates for the generalized mixed effects model using the number of regulatory activities classified as Prohibition-Resources.

	Estimate	Std. Error	z	p
Intercept	1.02093	0.35	2.88	0.004
year	–0.01600	0.00	–10.73	0.000
year²	0.00002	0.00	9.63	0.000
UK	0.06915	1.55	0.04	0.964
year × UK	0.01316	0.01	1.66	0.097
year² × UK	–0.00001	0.00	–2.85	0.004

Table 6

Fixed effects estimates for the generalized mixed effects model using the number of regulatory activities classified as Obligation-Administrative.

	Estimate	Std. Error	z	p
Intercept	–0.54581	0.36	–1.51	0.132
year	–0.01093	0.00	–7.48	0.000
year²	0.00002	0.00	10.07	0.000
UK	–9.43220	5.58	–1.69	0.091
year × UK	0.04995	0.03	1.78	0.075
year² × UK	–0.00008	0.00	–2.24	0.025

Table 7

Fixed effects estimates for the generalized mixed effects model using the number of regulatory activities classified as Permission-Resources.

	Estimate	Std. Error	z	p
Intercept	–3.60224	0.50	–7.26	0.000
year	0.00486	0.00	2.29	0.022
year²	–0.00000	0.00	–1.27	0.205
UK	7.21401	4.08	1.77	0.077
year × UK	–0.03003	0.02	–1.38	0.167
year² × UK	0.00002	0.00	0.63	0.529

Table 8

Fixed effects estimates for the generalized mixed effects model using the number of regulatory activities classified as Obligation-Resources.

	Estimate	Std. Error	z	p
Intercept	–0.34023	0.45	–0.75	0.451
year	–0.01592	0.00	–7.57	0.000
year²	0.00002	0.00	7.59	0.000
UK	–1.93459	3.45	–0.56	0.575
year × UK	0.02962	0.02	1.59	0.112
year² × UK	–0.00006	0.00	–2.51	0.012