Table 1
Comparative analysis: Commons and Commoning outputs.
| CASE | RADICAL RELATIONALITY | RUPTURES | MOBILIZATION | COMMONS/COMMONING OUTPUTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgrade (Sava Quay) | River and quay as living actors; more-than-human | Illegal barges, flood-zone restaurants, privatization (2016–2022) | Formal petitions, protests, defense of existing public goods, creation of new | Liminal commons (citizen assemblies, cultural stage, playgrounds as shared property, riverside supported by volunteers); urban liminal institutionalism |
| Topli Do | River = life; hydro-social identity; rebellious spirits of place | SPP projects threatening headwaters (2017–2018); October 7 confrontation | Women-led care, barricades, intergenerational solidarity | Moba village reconstruction, Institutional and political re-claiming; Free Rivers & Mountains Festival; hydro-territorial resistance |
| Thessaloniki | Water = democracy; commons vs. austerity | 2008 financial crisis; inclusion of water in HRADF privatization fund (2011–2014) | Referendum (2014), union–citizen coalitions, international solidarity | Water as a medium to protect and reproduce democracy; protection of public utilities, convergence of struggles, alliances, solidarity networks, knowledge-exchange |
| Stagiates | Water source as cultural anchor; more-than-human collaboration; Water = reason for the existence of the village, force for aid or destruction; Water=life | Privatization attempts (2009, 2011); COVID-19 repression; climate-change disasters (2023 floods, fires) | Popular assemblies, APODRASIS, solidarity with artists/activists | Community self-management of irrigation; cultural events, libraries, festivals; resilience commons |
| Poland (Odra) | River as hyperfact (Normark, 2014); water heritage, more-than-human | 2022 Prymnesium parvum algae disaster | Civic–legal campaign “Odra River Person;” NGOs, lawyers, artists | River = legal subject; water commons through rights-of-nature framework |