References
- Berkes, F. (2012 [1999]). Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management (3rd edition). Taylor & Francis. 10.4324/9780203123843
- Bird-David, N. (1990). The giving environment: Another perspective on the economic system of gatherer-hunters. Current Anthropology, 31, 189–196. 10.1086/203825
- Bollig, M., & Krause, F. (2023).
Ontologies . In Environmental Anthropology. Current Issues and fields of engagements. Haupt Verlag. 10.36198/9783838560892 - Brockington, D., & Igoe, J. (2006). Eviction for Conservation: A Global Overview. Conservation and Society, 4(3), 424–470.
- Büscher, B., & Fletcher, R. (2019). “Towards Convivial Conservation”. Conservation and Society, 17(3),
283 . 10.4103/cs.cs_19_75 - Büscher, B., & Fletcher, R. (2020). The Conservation Revolution: Radical Ideas for saving Nature beyond the Anthropocene. Verso.
- Carter, N. H., Bruskotter, J. T., Vucetich, J., et al. (2019).
Towards Human-Wildlife Coexistence through the Integration of Human and Natural Systems: The Case of Grey Wolves in the Rocky Mountains, USA . In Beatrice Frank, Jenny A. Glikman, & Silvio Marchini (Eds.), Human-Wildlife Interactions. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108235730.021 - Crang, M., & Cook, I. (2007). Doing Ethnographies. Sage. 10.4135/9781849208949
- De La Cadena, M. (2015). Earth Beings: Ecologies of Practice across Andean Worlds. Durham: Duke University Press. 10.1515/9781478093626
- De La Cadena, M., & Blaser, M. (Eds.). (2018). A World of Many Worlds. Duke University Press. 10.2307/j.ctv125jpzq
- Descola, P. (2013). Beyond Nature and Culture. University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226145006.001.0001
- Donfrancesco, V. (2024). (Co)producing landscapes of coexistence: A historical political ecology of human-wolf relations in Italy. Geoforum, 149,
103958 . 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.103958 - Emerson, R., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes, Second Edition. University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226206868.001.0001
- Ensminger, J. (1992). Making a Market: The Institutional Transformation of an African society. University Press.
- Escobar, A. (1999). After Nature: Steps to an Antiessentialist Political Ecology. Current Anthropology, 40(1), 1–30. 10.1086/515799
- Escobar, A. (2020). Pluriversal Politics: The Real and the Possible. Duke University Press. 10.1515/9781478012108
- Espinosa, S., Albuja, L., Tirira, D. G., Zapata-Rios, G., Araguillin, E., Utreras, V., & Noss, A. (2016).
Analisis del estado de conservación del jaguar en el Ecuador . In R. Medellín, J. A. De la Torre, H. Zarza, C. Chávez, & G. Ceballos (Eds.), El Jaguar en el siglo XXI. La perspectiva continental (pp. 319–338). UNAM: Instituto de Ecologia. - Fairhead, J., & Leach, M. (1996). Misreading the African Landscape: Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139164023
- Fausto, C. (2008). Too many owners: Mastery and ownership in Amazonia. Mana, 14(2), 329–366. 10.1590/S0104-93132008000200003
- Figueroa, S. (2019).
„Interacciones entre el ser humano y el jaguar (panthera onca) que amenazan su sobreviviencia a largo plazo en la Amazonía del Ecuador“ . Disertación previa a la obtención del título de Ingeniera Geógrafa en Gestión Ambiental, Quito: Pontífica Universidad Católica del Ecuador. - Fletcher, R. (2010). Neoliberal Environmentality: Towards a Poststructuralist Political Ecology of the Conservation Debate. Conservation and Society, 8(3), 171–181. 10.4103/0972-4923.73806
- Fletcher, R., & Toncheva, S. (2021). The political economy of human-wildlife conflict and coexistence. Biological Conservation, 260,
109216 . 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109216 - Frank, B. (2016). Human-wildlife conflicts, the need to include tolerance and coexistence: An introductory comment. Society & Natural Resources, 29(6), 738–743. 10.1080/08941920.2015.1103388
- Frank, B., & Glikman, J. A. (2019).
‘Human-Wildlife Conflicts and the Need to Include Coexistence . In B. Frank, J. A. Glikman, & S. Marchini (Eds.), Human-Wildlife Interactions (pp. 1–19). Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108235730.004 - Garcia, M., Daen, A., & Garcia, J. J. M. (2021). Genealogía diacrónica del conflicto humano-jaguar. Derecho Animal. Forum of Animal Law Studies, 12(1), 24–47. 10.5565/rev/da.557
- Gibson-Graham, J. K., Cameron, J., & Healy. (2013). Take Back the Economy: An Ethical Guide for Transforming Our Communities. University of Minnesota Press. 10.5749/minnesota/9780816676064.001.0001
- Gilroy, P. (2004). Postcolonial melancholia. Columbia University Press. 10.7312/gilr12684
- Haller, T. (2007). Understanding Institutions and Their Links to Resource Management from the Perspective of New Institutionalism [Application/pdf]. NCCR North-South.
https://boris.unibe.ch/52831/ - Haller, T. (2013). The Contested Floodplain: Insitutional Change of the Commons in the Kafue Flats, Zambia. Lexington Books. 10.5771/9780739169575
- Haller, T. (2019).
Towards a new institutional political ecology: How to marry external effects, institutional change and the role of power and ideology in commons studies . In T. Haller, T. Breu, T. De Moor, C. Rohr, & H. Znoj (Eds.), The Commons in a Glocal World (pp. 90–120). Routledge. 10.4324/9781351050982-7 - Haller, T., Fokou, G., Mbeyale, G., & Meroka, P. (2013). How fit turns into misfit and back: Institutional Transformations of Pastoral Commons in African Floodplains. Ecology and Society, 18(1),
art34 . 10.5751/ES-05510-180134 - Helfrich, S., & Bollier, D. (2019). Frei, fair und lebendig: Die Macht der Commons. Transcript. 10.14361/9783839455746
- Heynen, N., Kaika, M., & Swyngedouw, E. (2006). In the Nature of Cities. Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203027523
- Hodgson, I. D., Redpath, S., Sandström, C., & Biggs, D. (2020). The State of Knowledge and Practice on Human-Wildlife Conflicts. Luc Hoffmann Institute.
- Hultkrantz, Å. (1982).
Religion and experience of nature among North American hunting Indians . In Å. Hultkrantz & Ø. Vorren (Eds.), The hunters: Their culture and way of life (pp. 163–186). Universitetsforlaget. - Hussain, S. (2019). The Snow Leopard and the Goat: Politics of Conservation in the Western Himalayas. University of Washington Press. 10.1515/9780295746586
- Illich, I. (1973). Tools for conviviality. Harper and Row. 10.1558/isbn.9780714521602
- Iordachescu, G. (2022). Convivial Conservation Prospects in Europe—From Wilderness Protection to Reclaiming the Commons. Conservation and Society, 20(2), 156–166. 10.4103/cs.cs_35_21
- Irving, A. (2017). The Art of Life and Death: Radical Aesthetics and Ethnographic Practice. HAU books. 10.14318/9780997367305
- Kohn, E. (2013). How Forests Think: Towards an Anthropology Beyond the Human. University of California Press. 10.1525/california/9780520276109.001.0001
- Komi, S., & Kröger, M. (2023). Predators in the web of life: World ecology of historical human–wolf relations in Finland. Journal of Agrarian Change, 23(3), 500–517. 10.1111/joac.12533
- Law, J. (2015). What’s wrong with a one-world world? Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory, 16(1), 126–139. 10.1080/1600910X.2015.1020066
- Lawhon, M., Ernstson, H., & Silver, J. (2014). Provincializing Urban Political Ecology: Towards a Situated UPE Through African Urbanism. Antipode, 46(2), 497–516. 10.1111/anti.12051
- Little, P. E. (2001). Amazonia. Territorial Struggles on Perennial Frontiers. The John Hopkins University Press.
- MAATE (Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica). 2022.
„Plan de acción para la conservación del Jaguar en el Ecuador 2022–2031“ . Quito, Ecuador. - MAE (Ministerio del Ambiente), und WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society). (2014).
„Plan de Acción para la Conservación del Jaguar en el Ecuador“ . Quito, Ecuador: Minsterio del Ambiente, World Conservation Society, Liz Claiborne & Art Ortenberg Foundation, Wild4ever. - Margulies, J. D., & Karanth, K. K. (2018). The production of human-wildlife conflict: A political animal geography of encounter. Geoforum, 95, 153–164. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.06.011
- Massarella, K., Krauss, J. E., Kiwango, W. A., & Fletcher, R. (2023).
Exploring Convivial Conservation in Theory and Practice . In K. Massarella, J. E. Krauss, W. A. Kiwango, & R. Fletcher (Eds.), Convivial Conservation. From Principles to Practice (pp. 2–25). Mayfly Books. 10.4103/cs.cs_53_22 - Mena, J. L., Yagui, H., Tejeda, V., Cabrera, J., Pacheco-Esquivel, J., Rivero, J., & Pastor, P. (2020). Abundance of jaguars and occupancy of medium- and large-sized vertebrates in a transboundary conservation landscape in the northwestern Amazon. Global Ecology and Conservation, 23, 1–13. 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01079.
- Rayner, J., & Mérida Conde, J. (2019). Las comunas del Ecuador: Autonomía, territorio y la construcción del Estado plurinacional (J. Rayner & J. Mérida Conde, Eds.). Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales.
- Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for collective action (2nd print). Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511807763
- Rasmussen, M. B., & Lund, C. (2018). Reconfiguring Frontier Spaces: The territorialization of resource control. World Development, 101, 388–399. 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.01.018
- Schlager, E., & Ostrom, E. (1992). Property-Rights Regimes and Natural Resources: A Conceptual Analysis. Land Economics, 68(3), 249–262. 10.2307/3146375
- Shepard
Jr. , G. H. (2014). Old and in the Way: Jaguar transformation in Matsigenka. Paper presented at the IX Sesquiannual Conference of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America (SALSA), Gothenburg, Sweden. - Suárez, E., & Zapata-Rios, G. (2019). Managing subsistence hunting in the changing landscape of Neotropical rain forests. Biotropica, 1–6. 10.1111/btp.12662
- Sullivan, S. (2017). What’s ontology got to do with it? On nature and knowledge in a political ecology of the “green economy.” Journal of Political Ecology, 24(1). 10.2458/v24i1.20802
- Uzendoski, M. A. (2012). Beyond orality: Textuality, territory, and ontology among Amazonian peoples. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 2(1), 55–80. 10.14318/hau2.1.005
- van Eeden, L. M., Crowther, M. S., Dickman, C. R., Macdonald, D. W., Ripple, W. J., Ritchie, E. G., & Newsome, T. M. (2017). Managing conflict between large carnivores and livestock. Conservation Biology, 32(1), 26–34. 10.1111/cobi.12959
- Viveiros de Castro, E. (1998). Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 4(3), 469–488. 10.2307/3034157
- Watson, S. (2006). City Publics. The (Dis)enchantments of Urban Encounters. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203962954
- West, P. (2016). Dispossession and the Environment: Rhetoric and Inequality in Papua New Guinea. Columbia University Press. 10.7312/west17878
- Whatmore, S., & Hinchliffe, S. (2002). Living Cities: Making Space for Urban Nature. Soundings, 22.
- Whitten, N. (1976). Sacha Runa: Ethnicity and Adaptation of Ecuadorian Jungle Quichua. University of Illinois Press.
- WWF. (2025). Jaguar.
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/jaguar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1671 | Journal eISSN: 1875-0281
Language: English
Page range: 321 - 332
Submitted on: Oct 20, 2025
Accepted on: Jul 19, 2026
Published on: Aug 6, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2026 Lisa Alvarado, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.