Mechanism Design in Regional Arrangements for Water Governance

Figures & Tables

Formal Rules in each case.

	FORMAL RULES CODED
Boston	1992 (2003) Watershed Protection Act, 2004 Memorandum of Understanding, 2004 Watershed Protection Supply Trust Act, and 2011 DCR Regulations (350 CMR 11.00)⁴
New York	1997 Memorandum of Agreement, 2010 NYC Rules and Regulations, 2014 Water Supply permit
Portland	1977 PL 95–200 Bull Run Act (modified in 1996 and in 2001), 2007 Agreement between Portland Water Bureau and U.S. Forest Service, Portland City Ordinance 21.36
San Francisco	1913 Raker Act, Department of the Interior Stipulations from years 1961/1985/1987, 2010 Memorandum of Agreement between San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and National Park Service

Number of mechanisms.

	BOSTON	NEW YORK	PORTLAND	SAN FRANCISCO
Monitoring	23 (62.2%)	95 (34.4%)	7 (36.8%)	17 (68.0%)
Compliance	10 (27.0%)	128 (46.4%)	10 (52.6%)	3 (12.0%)
Consequence	4 (10.8%)	53 (19.2%)	2 (10.5%)	5 (20.0%)
TOTAL	37	276	19	25

Types of mechanisms by case.⁷

	BOSTON	NEW YORK	PORTLAND	SAN FRANCISCO
Monitoring
Individual Action	12 (52.2%)	57 (60.0%)	3 (42.9%)	5 (29.4%)
Joint Work	5 (21.7%)	19 (20.0%)	3 (42.9%)	4 (23.5%)
Generate Information/Conduct study	0	13 (13.7%)	0	3 (17.6%)
Water Quality/Quantity Reports	6 (26.1%)	6 (6.32%)	1 (14.3%)	5 (29.4%)
Compliance
Third Party	2 (20.0%)	21 (16.4%)	2 (20.0%)	3 (100%)
Definitions	0	36 (28.1%)	2 (20.0%)	0
In-house	1 (10.0%)	16 (12.5%)	1 (10.0%)	0
Individual Party	7 (70.0%)	40 (31.2%)	4 (40.0%)	0
Venue	0	15 (11.7%)	1 (10.0%)	0
Consequence
Easement restrictions	0	11 (20.8%)	0	0
Administrative action	0	20 (37.7%)	0	2 (40.0%)
Compensation	0	4 (7.55%)	0	1 (20.0%)
Modify obligations	0	14 (26.4%)	0	2 (40.0%)
Define rules that apply	2 (50.0%)	4 (7.55%)	0	0
Consequences for individuals	2 (50.0%)	0	2 (100%)	0
TOTAL	37	276	19	25

Pairwise comparisons of mechanisms types between cases.⁸