Table 1
Description of initiatives underpinning food-as-a-commons discourses.
| DISCOURSE | INITIATIVE | RESOURCE | PROVISION/ALLOCATION | PROPERTY-RIGHTS REGIME (FEENY ET AL., 1990)3 | PERCEPTION OF FOOD (VIVERO POL, 2013)1 | FOOD SYSTEM (MARSHALL, 2015)4 | MAIN LEVEL OF SOCIAL CHANGE AIMED (WILLIAMSON, 2001)5 | IDEAS (SCHMIDT, 2008)2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open source inputs in agriculture | Opensourceseeds | Seeds | P/A | CP | b, c, e | P | L3 | Life should not be patented/nature and life as a commons/biodiversity as a commons/sovereignty/knowledge as a commons |
| Save our seeds | Seeds | P | CP | b, c, e | P | L3 | Life should not be patented/nature and life as a commons/biodiversity as a commons/sovereignty/knowledge as a commons | |
| Community seed banks | Seeds | P/A | CP | b, c, e | P | L3 | Life should not be patented/nature and life as a commons/biodiversity as a commons/sovereignty/knowledge as a commons | |
| Joint responsibility for food products | Community supported agriculture | Yield | P/A | CP | a, b, e, f | P,PR,PD,RC | L3, L4 | Communality/sovereignty/decision-making/freedom/sustainability/proximity/distribution/community-based food production, good food for everyone |
| Slow Food | Food culture | P | CP/SP/PP | a, b, c, e, f | P,PR,PD,RC | L1, L2, L3, L4 | Regionality/sustainability/tradition/self-empowerment/culture, good food for everyone/consumers as co-producers | |
| Market Enthusiasts | Food | P/A | PP/CP | a, b, d | P,PR,PD,RC | L3, L4 | Communality/sovereignty/decision-making/freedom/sustainability/proximity/distribution/fair income to producers | |
| Reducing food waste | Plate instead of bin | Food waste/Knowledge | P/A | CP/SP | a, b, d, e, f | P,PR,PD,RC | L4 | Wasting food is a sin/responsibility/re-distribution/justice |
| Empty Bin campaign | Food waste | A | CP | a,b,d | PD, RC | L2, L4 | Food waste is no longer a private good/wasting food should be penalized as a responsibility to the community/moral imperative | |
| Foodsharing | Food waste | P/A | CP | a, b | RC | L3, L4 | Wasting food is a sin/charity/shame/focus on not free-riding/social community responsibility to rescue food to not be wasted/moral imperative | |
| Safe-guarding food culture and knowledge | Ark of taste | Tradition/Knowledge | P | CP/SP | a, b, c, e, f | RC | L1 | Regionality/sustainability/tradition/self-empowerment/culture, good food for everyone/bio-cultural diversity as a commons |
| UNESCO ICH Initiatives on food | Culture/Knowledge | P | CP | c | RC | L1 | Knowledge and cultura as a commons | |
| The household license | Tradition/Knowledge | P/A | CP/SP | a, b, c, d, e, f | P,PR,PD,RC | L1 | Caretakers and knowledge keepers as a commons/traditional woman’s role |
[i] Note: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 please see Section 3.2 for details.