
Figure 1
Model for Successful NGO Branding.
Source: Garg, Swami & Malhotra (2018).
Table 1
Overview of research results.
| Purposes of international branding | |
| Purpose 1: International fundraising |
|
| Purpose 2: Create international exchange |
|
| Purpose 3: Build international partnerships |
|
| Best practices internal brand identity | |
| Best practice 1: Use the founder’s original vision |
|
| Best practice 2: Share the value to strive for real change |
|
| Best practice 3: Be consistent with visuals |
|
| Best practices external brand image | |
| Best practice 1: Use the right platforms for the right audience |
|
| Best practice 2: Stay in touch with international stakeholders |
|
| Best practice 3: Leverage pre-existing connections |
|
| Best practices online platforms | |
| Best practice 1: Post short content |
|
| Best practice 2: Use images |
|
| Best practice 3: Inform about products and services, and interact and connect with users |
|
| Best practice 4: No observable structure in post frequency |
|
| Best practices brand performance | |
| Best practice 1: Monitor your online brand |
|
| Best practice 2: Evaluate monitoring results |
|
Table 2
Length of posts (across all platforms).
| YouTube | Website | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | ||
| Valid | Short | 18 | 72.0 | 75.0 | 14 | 56.0 | 63.6 | 19 | 76.0 | 100.0 | 21 | 84.0 | 100.0 | 20 | 80.0 | 83.3 |
| Medium | 5 | 20.0 | 20.8 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3 | 12.0 | 12.5 | |
| Long | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | |
| Total | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 22 | 88.0 | 100.0 | 19 | 76.0 | 100.0 | 21 | 84.0 | 100.0 | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | |
| Missing | NOT ON PLATFORM | 1 | 4.0 | 3 | 12.0 | 6 | 24.0 | 4 | 4.0 | 1 | 4.0 | |||||
| Total | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | ||||||
Table 3
Use of images (across all platforms).
| Website | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | ||
| Valid | No | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3 | 12.0 | 15.8 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| Yes | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 17 | 68.0 | 77.3 | 16 | 64.0 | 84.2 | 23 | 92.0 | 95.8 | |
| No Posts | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | ||||
| Total | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 22 | 88.0 | 100.0 | 19 | 76.0 | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Missing | NOT ON PLATFORM | 1 | 4.0 | 3 | 12.0 | 6 | 24.0 | 1 | 4.0 | ||||
| Total | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | |||||
Table 4
Number of images used (across all platforms).
| Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valid | 0/10 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3 | 12.0 | 15.8 |
| 1/10 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 2/10 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 3/10 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 4/10 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 0 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 5/10 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 1 | 4.0 | 5.3 | |
| 6/10 | 3 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3 | 12.0 | 15.8 | |
| 7/10 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 8/10 | 5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5 | 20.0 | 26.3 | |
| 9/10 | 4 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 2 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 6 | 24.0 | 31.6 | |
| 10/10 | 8 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 1 | 4.0 | 5.3 | |
| No posts | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Total | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 22 | 88.0 | 100.0 | 19 | 76.0 | 100.0 | |
| Missing | NOT ON PLATFORM | 1 | 4.0 | 3 | 12.0 | 6 | 24.0 | |||
| Total | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | ||||
Table 5
Number of images used (on website).
| Website | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freq | % | Valid % | ||
| Valid | 0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 4 | 2 | 8.0 | 8.3 | |
| 5 | 3 | 12.0 | 12.5 | |
| 6 | 4 | 16.0 | 16.7 | |
| 7 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | |
| 8 | 4 | 16.0 | 16.7 | |
| 9 | 2 | 8.0 | 8.3 | |
| 10 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 11 | 3 | 12.0 | 12.5 | |
| 12 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 13 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | |
| 14 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 15 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | |
| 16 | 2 | 8.0 | 8.3 | |
| Total | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | |
| Missing | NOT ON PLATFORM | 1 | 4.0 | |
| Total | 25 | 100.0 | ||
Table 6
Type of content (across all platforms).
| Website | YouTube | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | ||
| Valid | Informing about products and services | 8 | 32.0 | 33.3 | 9 | 36.0 | 40.9* | 4 | 16.0 | 21.1 | 16 | 64.0 | 66.7 | 4 | 16.0 | 19.0 |
| Interacting and connecting with users | 5 | 20.0 | 20.8 | 3 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 5 | 20.0 | 26.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2 | 8.0 | 9.5 | |
| Both | 11 | 44.0 | 45.8 | 6 | 24.0 | 27.3 | 10 | 40.0 | 52.6 | 8 | 32.0 | 33.3 | 15 | 60.0 | 71.4 | |
| No Posts | 0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Total | 24 | 96.0 | 22 | 88.0 | 100.0 | 19 | 76.0 | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 21 | 84.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Missing | NOT ON PLATFORM | 1 | 4.0 | 3 | 12.0 | 6 | 24.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4 | 16.0 | |||||
| Total | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | ||||||
[i] * This number considers the four organizations that did not have any posts; when not taking those into account the outcome would be exactly 50%.
Table 7
Post frequency across all platforms.
| YouTube | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | Freq | % | Valid % | ||
| Valid | Inconsistent and infrequent | 4 | 16.0 | 16.7 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 3 | 12.0 | 15.8 | 6 | 24.0 | 28.6% |
| Once per month | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| Once per 3 weeks | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Once per 2 weeks | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| Once per week | 2 | 8.0 | 8.3 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Once per 6 days | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Once per 5 days | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Once per 4 days | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Once per 3 days | 1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| Once per 2 days | 3 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 2 | 8.0 | 10.5 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| Once per day | 6 | 24.0 | 25.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| More than once per day | 5 | 20.0 | 20.8 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 9 | 36.0 | 47.4 | 1 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| Inconsistent but frequent | 2 | 8.0 | 8.3 | 3 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 4 | 16.0 | 21.1 | 9 | 36.0 | 42.9 | |
| No posts | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Total | 24 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 22 | 88.0 | 100.0 | 19 | 76.0 | 100.0 | 21 | 84.0 | 100.0 | |
| Missing | NOT ON PLATFORM | 1 | 4.0 | 3 | 12.0 | 6 | 24.0 | 1 | 4.0 | ||||
| Total | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | 25 | 100.0 | |||||
