Figure 1
Hypertension care cascade among adults in Bangladesh, BDHS 2017–18 and 2022. Bars show weighted prevalence (% with 95% CI). Hypertension is shown for the total adult population; awareness, treatment, and control are shown among individuals with hypertension.
Figure 2
Adjusted population-level hypertension control by sociodemographic characteristics: BDHS 2017–18 and BDHS 2022.
Note: Rates represent adjusted control percentages calculated via marginal standardization from a survey weighted pooled logistic regression model.
The model adjusted for continuous age, age-squared, sex, education, residence, division, wealth quintile, and survey wave (time period).
For presentation in the plot, age is displayed as a categorized variable.
Total pooled sample size: N = 6,677 (n = 3,707 for BDHS 2017–18 and n = 2,970 for BDHS 2022).
Figure 3
Change in population-level hypertension control in Bangladesh by division, BDHS 2017–18 to 2022. Map shows the change in control rate (%) among individuals with hypertension between the two survey rounds; darker shading indicates larger improvements.
Table 1
Socioeconomic inequality in hypertension control, BDHS 2017–18 and 2022.
| SURVEY YEAR | CONCENTRATION INDEX (CnI) | SLOPE INDEX OF INEQUALITY (SII)% (95%CI) | RELATIVE INDEX OF INEQUALITY (RII) (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| BDHS 2017–18 | 0.11 | 8.5 (4.4–12.6) | 1.99 (1.42–2.79) |
| BDHS 2022 | 0.13 | 15.1 (9.0–21.3) | 2.22 (1.61–3.06) |
| Comparison estimate (95% CI), p-value | 0.02 (–0.05–0.09), p = 0.641 | 6.7 (–0.7–14.0), p = 0.077 | 1.12 (0.70–1.78), p = 0.641 |
[i] Abbreviations: CnI, concentration index (values >0 indicate a pro-rich distribution); SII, slope index of inequality (absolute difference in predicted control prevalence, in percentage points, between the poorest and richest); RII, relative index of inequality (prevalence ratio comparing the richest with the poorest).
p-values derived from bootstrap-based comparison for CnI and pooled survey-weighted regression models for SII and RII. CnI and SII comparison estimates represent absolute differences; RII comparison estimates represent ratios.