References
- Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno HH, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119–177. Available from:
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/2/119/4095042 . - Roth GA, Huffman MD, Moran AE, Feigin V, Mensah GA, Naghavi M, et al. Global and regional patterns in cardiovascular mortality from 1990 to 2013. Circulation. 2015;132:1667–1678. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008720
- Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B. Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. pp. 2–14.
- Mensah GA, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Moran AE, Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, et al. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2013: A systematic analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2015;26(2):S6–S10. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2015-036
- Chandrashekhar Y, Alexander T, Mullasari A, Kumbhani DJ, Alam S, Alexanderson E, et al. Resource and infrastructure-appropriate management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in low-and middle-income countries. Circulation. 2020;141(24):2004–2025. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041297
- Stassen W, Wallis L, Lambert C, Castren M, Kurland L. Percutaneous coronary intervention still not accessible for many South Africans. Afr J Emerg Med. 2017;7:105–107. DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2017.04.009
- Jacobs AK, Ali MJ, Best PJ, Bieniarz MC, Bufalino VJ, French WJ, et al. Systems of care for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(20):e310–e327. Available from:
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001025 . - Fosbol EL, Granger CB, Jollis JG, Monk L, Lin L, Lytle BL, et al. The impact of a statewide pre-hospital STEMI strategy to bypass hospitals without percutaneous coronary intervention capability on treatment times. Circulation. 2013;127(5):604–612. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.118463
- Mehta S, Granger CB, Henry TD, Grines CL, Lansky A, Rokos I, et al. Reducing system delays in treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction and confronting the challenges of late presentation in low and middle-income countries. Indian Heart J. 2017;69(Suppl 1):S1–S5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.12.020
- Solla DJF, De Mattos Paiva Filho I, Delisle JE, Braga AA, De Moura JB, De Moraes X, et al. Integrated regional networks for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction care in developing countries the experience of salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6(1):9–17. Available from:
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.967505 . - Filgueiras Filho NM, Feitosa Filho GS, Solla DJF, Argôlo FC, Guimarães PO, Paiva Filho I de M, et al. Implementation of a regional network for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care and 30-day mortality in a low- to middle-income city in Brazil: Findings from Salvador’s STEMI registry (RESISST). J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(14):
e008624 . Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29980522/ . - Maharaj RC, Geduld H, Wallis LA. Door-to-needle time for administration of fibrinolytics in acute myocardial infarction in Cape Town. S Afr Med J. 2012;102(4):241–244.
- Meel R, Gonçalves R. Time to fibrinolytics for acute myocardial infarction: Reasons for delays at Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2016;106:92–96. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=samj-131165&site=ehost-live . - Schamroth C. Management of acute coronary syndrome in South Africa: Insights from the ACCESS (Acute Coronary Events – a Multinational Survey of Current Management Strategies) registry. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2012;23:365–370. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=22447241&site=ehost-live . - Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–473. DOI: 10.7326/M18-0850
- Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):1–10. Available from:
https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 . - Snyders A.
STEMI early reperfusion programme: Cardiology . In: The Specialist Forum. Cape Town: New Media Publishing; 2016. pp. 8–10. - Stassen W, Kurland L, Wallis L, Castren M, Vincent-Lambert C. Barriers and facilitators to implementing coronary care networks in South Africa: A qualitative study. Afr Health Sci. 2020;20(1):338–350. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.39
- Abduelkarem AR, El-Shareif HJ, Sharif SI. Évaluation des facteurs de risque chez des patients admis pour infarctus aigu du myocarde dans l’unité de soins aux coronariens du centre médical de tripoli (Libye). East Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(4):332–336. DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.4.332
- Isezuo S, Sani MU, Talle A, Johnson A, Adeoye AM, Ulgen MS, et al. Registry for acute coronary events in Nigeria (RACE-Nigeria): Clinical characterization, management, and outcome. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(1):
e020244 . DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.020244 - Mirghani HO, Elnour MA, Taha AM, Elbadawi AS. Gender inequality in acute coronary syndrome patients at Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan. J Family Community Med. 2016;23(2):100–104. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=27186156&site=ehost-live . - Uys F, Beeton AT, van der Walt S, Lamprecht M, Verryn M, Vallie Y, et al. Profile and management of acute coronary syndromes at primary- and secondary-level healthcare facilities in Cape Town. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2022;33(3):138–144. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2021-054
- Badat Z, Rangiah S. Acute myocardial infarction at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal – Management and outcomes. S Afr Fam Pract. 2022;64(1 Part 3):1–8. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159479340&site=ehost-live . - Tickley I, van Blydenstein SA, Meel R. Time to thrombolysis and factors contributing to delays in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2023;113(9):1397–1402. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i9.500
- Shaheen S, Helal A, Anan I. Barriers to the implementation of primary PCI in the management of STEMI in Egypt. Cardiovasc Innov Appl. 2021;6:69–79. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=154639708&site=ehost-live . - Balbaa A, ElGuindy A, Natarajan M, Schwalm JD. Factors affecting symptom onset to first-medical-contact in Egyptian STEMI patients. Glob Heart. 2018;13(4):363–364. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=30243940&site=ehost-live . - Balbaa A, ElGuindy A, Pericak D, Natarajan MK, Schwalm JD. Before the door: Comparing factors affecting symptom onset to first medical contact for STEMI patients between a high and low-middle income country. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2022;39:100978. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35402688 . - Shaheen SM, Saleh AK, Okasha NK, Abdalhamid MA, Fakhry HM, Guindy RR. Implementation of a regional STEMI network in North Cairo (Egypt): Impact on the management and outcome of STEMI patients. Glob Heart. 2023;18(1):2. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=36760803&site=ehost-live . - Sobhy M, Sadaka M, Okasha N, Farag ES, Saleh A, Ismail H, et al. Stent for life initiative placed at the forefront in Egypt 2011. EuroIntervention. 2012;8:P108–P115. DOI: 10.4244/EIJV8SPA19
- Balhi S, Jebali A, Sammali H, Boughallaba MA, Ammar I, Ben Abdelaziz A. Evaluating the performance of Tunisian regional hospitals. Study protocol of management delays of ST elevation myocardial infarction. Tunis Med. 2022;100(10):719–725. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=36571757&site=ehost-live . - Sriha Belguith A, Beltaief K, Msolli MA, Bouida W, Abroug H, Ben Fredj M, et al. Management of acute coronary syndrome in emergency departments: A cross sectional multicenter study (Tunisia). BMC Emerg Med. 2018;18(1):50. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=133368382&site=ehost-live . - Zelfani S, Boudiche S, Manai H, Mourali S, Daghfous M. Predictors of acute coronary syndrome in pre hospital patients with chest pain. Tunisie Medicale. 2020;98(1):55–59.
- Moustaghfir A, Haddak M, Mechmeche R. Management of acute coronary syndromes in Maghreb countries: The ACCESS (ACute Coronary Events - a multinational survey of current management strategies) registry. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;105:566–577. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=23177485&site=ehost-live . - Varwani M, Ngunga M, Msunza M, Mohamed J. Acute coronary syndrome patterns in the young: Risk factor profile and in-hospital outcome in a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24(1):192. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03832-z
- Varwani MH, Jeilan M, Ngunga M, Barasa A. Outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome in a referral hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2019;30(1):29–33. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=30534849&site=ehost-live . - Shavadia J, Yonga G, Otieno H. A prospective review of acute coronary syndromes in an urban hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2012;23:318–321. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=22836154&site=ehost-live . - Kakou-Guikahue M, N’Guetta R, Anzouan-Kacou JB, Kramoh E, N’Dori R, Ba SA, et al. Optimizing the management of acute coronary syndromes in sub-Saharan Africa: A statement from the AFRICARDIO 2015 Consensus Team. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;109(6–7):376–383. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.12.005
- Bogale K, Mekonnen D, Nedi T, Woldu MA. Treatment outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2019;13:1179546819839417. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=137793909&site=ehost-live . - Shashu BA, Baru A. Factors associated with the extent of coronary artery disease and the attained outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention at Gesund Cardiac and Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2022;32(3):539–548. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=35813679&site=ehost-live . - TaddesseTolla M, Norheim OF, Tessema Memirie S, Guteta Abdisa S, Ababulgu A, Jerene D, et al. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2016;14:1–14. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=117474253&site=ehost-live . - Yao H, Ekou A, Hadéou A, N’Djessan JJ, Kouamé I, N’Guetta R. Medium and long-term follow-up after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a sub-Saharan Africa population: A prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019;19(1):65. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=135440108&site=ehost-live . - EkouArnaud, Yao H, Kouamé I, Boni RY, Ehouman E, N’Guetta R. Primary PCI in the management of STEMI in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Abidjan Heart Institute catheterisation laboratory. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2020;31(4):201–204. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=32555926&site=ehost-live . - Aminde LN, Takah N, Ngwasiri C, Noubiap JJ, Tindong M, Dzudie A, et al. Population awareness of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Buea, Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):545. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4477-3
- Fanta K, Daba FB, Tegene E, Melaku T, Fekadu G, Chelkeba L. Management quality indicators and in-hospital mortality among acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Ethiopia: Prospective observational study. BMC Emerg Med. 2021;21(1):1–9. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=149572462&site=ehost-live . - Snyders A, Delport R. Referral pathways for reperfusion of STEMI-developing strategies for appropriate intervention: The SA heart STEMI early intervention project. SA Heart. 2015;12(2):74–80. DOI: 10.24170/12-2-1722
- Hertz JT, Sakita FM, Manavalan P, Mmbaga BT, Thielman NM, Staton CA. Knowledge, attitudes, and preventative practices regarding ischemic heart disease among emergency department patients in northern Tanzania. Public Health. 2019;175:60–67. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=139073664&site=ehost-live . - Murunga W, Kyobutungi C, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Understanding of and perceptions towards cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors: A qualitative study among residents of urban informal settings in Nairobi. BMJ Open. 2019;9(6):26852. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=31209088&site=ehost-live . - Sobhy M, Elshal A, Ghanem N, Hasan-Ali H, Farag N, Okasha N, et al. Development of primary percutaneous coronary intervention as a national reperfusion strategy for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and assessment of its use in Egypt. Cardiovasc Innov Appl. 2020;4(4):269–278. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=144571203&site=ehost-live . - Beyers BD, Doubell AF, Griffiths B, Jalavu T. Evaluating the time interval from diagnosis to fibrinolysis at centres in the drainage area of Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2020;110(4):327–331. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i4.14330
- Cilliers JCD, Joubert L, Beyers B, Ngarande E, Herbst P, Doubell A, et al. The incidence and outcomes of high-risk acute coronary syndromes in Western Cape Province, South Africa: A prospective cohort study. S Afr Med J. 2023;113(5):25–29. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i5.16764
- Pennefather C, Esterhuizen T, Doubell A, Decloedt EH. The 12-month period prevalence and cardiac manifestations of HIV in patients with acute coronary syndrome at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa: A retrospective cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1–10. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=151289179&site=ehost-live . - Gupta T. STEMI care in the elderly: Does under-treatment reflect appropriate clinical judgment or therapeutic nihilism? Indian Heart J. 2016;68(6):753–755. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.03.019
- Bahiru E, Temu T, Gitura B, Farquhar C, Huffman MD, Bukachi F. Presentation, management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome: A registry study from Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Cardiovascular J S Afr. 2018;29(4):225–230. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=29878033&site=ehost-live . - Addad F, Mahdhaoui A, Gouider J, Boughzela E, Kamoun S, Boujnah MR, et al. Management of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Results of the FAST-MI Tunisia Registry. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):207979. Available from:
http://ezproxy.uct.ac.za/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=30794566&site=ehost-live . - Tantchou Tchoumi JC, Butera G. Profile of cardiac disease in Cameroon and impact on health care services. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2013;3(4):236–243. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24400207 . - Lynch A, Sobuwa S, Castle N. Barriers to the implementation of prehospital thrombolysis in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in South Africa: An exploratory inquiry. Afr J Emerg Med. 2020;10(4):243–248. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33299757 . - Stassen W, Wallis L, Vincent-Lambert C, Castren M, Kurland L. The proportion of South Africans living within 60 and 120 minutes of a percutaneous coronary intervention facility. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2018;29(1):6–11. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2018-004
- Bouraoui H, Trimeche B, Hajri SE, Mahdhaoui A, Romdhane M Ben, Jeridi G. Delay of fibrinolysis in ST- elevation myocardial infarction: Results of an investigation conducted in a single center in Sousse Tunisia. Heart Views. 2014;15(3):65–67. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25538818 . - Omar Hassan M, Abdirahman Ahmed S, Sheikh Hassan M, Köprülü D. Door-to-balloon time and mortality among patients undergoing primary PCI, challenges and experience from Somalia’s largest PCI center. Int J Gen Med. 2024;17:237–244. Available from:
https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=dijg20 . - Stassen W. Coronary care networks in the resource-limited setting: Systems of care in South Africa. Karolinska Institutet; 2018. pp. 1–82. ISBN 978-91-7831-058-6.
- Coetzee S, Snyman L, Delport R. Revealing the value of geospatial information with isochrone maps for improving the management of heart attacks in South Africa. Int J Cartogr. 2021;7(2):184–189. DOI: 10.1080/23729333.2021.1919847
- Stassen W, Olsson L, Kurland L. The application of optimisation modelling and geospatial analysis to propose a coronary care network model for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Afr J Emerg Med. 2020;10(Suppl 1):S18–S22. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33318897 . - Chetty R, Ross A. Chart review of acute myocardial infarction at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2016;8(1):e1–5. DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1012
- Diby KF, Gnaba A, Ouattara P, Ayegnon G, Coulibaly A, Tro G, et al. Tele-ECG improves diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Côte d’Ivoire. Digit Health. 2024;10:20552076241262276. Available from:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11179545/ . - Mehta S, Granger C, Grines CL, Jacobs A, Henry TD, Rokos I, et al. Confronting system barriers for ST- elevation MI in low and middle income countries with a focus on India. Indian Heart J. 2018;70:185–190. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.06.020
- Nascimento BR, Brant LCC, Marino BCA, Passaglia LG, Ribeiro ALP. Implementing myocardial infarction systems of care in low/middle-income countries. Heart. 2019;105(1):20–26. Available from:
https://heart.bmj.com/content/105/1/20 . - George L, Ramamoorthy L, Satheesh S, Saya RP, Subrahmanyam DKS. Prehospital delay and time to reperfusion therapy in ST elevation myocardial infarction. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2017;10(2):64. DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.201580
- Asamoah KT, Doku A, Akumiah F, Ampofo E, Duodu F, Agyekum F, et al. Delays in cardiovascular emergency responses in Africa: Health system failures or cultural challenges? Glob Health Sci Pract. 2024;12(5):
e2400092 . Available from:https://www.ghspjournal.org/content/12/5/e2400092 . - Mohan VN, Alexander T, Muraleedharan VR, Mullasari A, Narula J, Khot UN, et al. Economic and societal impact of a systems-of-care approach for STEMI management in low and middle-income countries: Insights from the TN STEMI Program. Ann Glob Health. 2019;85(1):122–123. Available from:
https://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/10.5334/aogh.2508 . - Guy A, Gabers N, Crisfield C, Helmer J, Peterson SC, Ganstal A, et al. Collaborative Heart Attack Management Program (CHAMP): Use of prehospital thrombolytics to improve timeliness of STEMI management in British Columbia Quality improvement report. BMJ Open Qual. 2021;10(4):
e001519 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001519 - Alexander T, Mullasari AS, Narula J. Developing a STEMI system of care for low- and middle-income countries: The STEMI-India Model. Glob Heart. 2014;9(4):419–423. Available from:
https://globalheartjournal.com/articles/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.04.005 . - Dixon JM, Ginde AA, Hagahmed M, Hollong BG, Mould-Millman NK, Sefa N, et al. The state of emergency medical services (EMS) systems in Africa. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):273–283. Available from:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/90C79371E0A0C62DE1CB1B729E8F93DB . - Zurowska-Wolak M, Piekos P, Jakała J, Mikos M. The effects of prehospital system delays on the treatment efficacy of STEMI patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27(1):1–7. Available from:
https://sjtrem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13049-019-0616-4 . - Clemmensen P, Schoos MM, Lindholm MG, Rasmussen LS, Steinmetz J, Hesselfeldt R, et al. Pre-hospital diagnosis and transfer of patients with acute myocardial infarction—a decade long experience from one of Europe’s largest STEMI networks. J Electrocardiol. 2013;46(6):546–552. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2013.07.004
- Marcolino MS, Brant LCC, de Araujo JG, Nascimento BR, Castro LR de A, Martins P, et al. Implementation of the myocardial infarction system of care in city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;100(4):307–314. Available from:
http://www.scielo.br/j/abc/a/hqDW3rtVZh3DJ5dgYfPQhDv/?lang=en . - Waisman T, Botelho RV, Fernandez F, Mehta S, Oliveros E, Kostela JC, et al. Telemedicine. The future of global STEMI care. Interv Cardiol Clin. 2012;1(4):623–629. Available from:
http://www.interventional.theclinics.com/article/S2211745812001095/fulltext . - Tanguay A, Dallaire R, Hébert D, Bégin F, Fleet R. Rural patient access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention centers is improved by a novel integrated telemedicine prehospital system. J Emerg Med. 2015;49(5):657–664. Available from:
http://www.jem-journal.com/article/S0736467915004874/fulltext . - Kleinrok A, Płaczkiewicz DT, Puzniak M, Da̧browski P, Adamczyk T. Electrocardiogram teletransmission and teleconsultation: Essential elements of the organisation of medical care for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: A single centre experience. Kardiologia Polska. 2014;72(4):345–354. Available from:
https://journals.viamedica.pl/kardiologia_polska/article/view/KP.a2013.0352 . - Barrabés JA, Sambola A. False-positive activations in STEMI networks: An Unavoidable Toll. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Edi). 2018;71(4):234–236. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322268552_False-positive_Activations_in_STEMI_Networks_An_Unavoidable_Toll . - Regueiro A, Fernández-Rodríguez D, Freixa X, Bosch X, Martín-Yuste V, Brugaletta S, et al. False positive STEMI activations in a regional network: Comprehensive analysis and clinical impact. Results from the Catalonian Codi Infart Network. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2018;71(4):243–249. DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.06.001
- Tolles J, Bosson N, Kaji AH, Henry TD, French WJ, Gausche-Hill M, et al. The effect of implementation of the American Heart Association mission lifeline PreAct algorithm for prehospital cardiac catheterization laboratory activation on the rate of “false positive” activations. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2020;35(4):388–396. Available from:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1049023X20000606/type/journal_article . - Alexander T, Mullasari AS, Joseph G, Kannan K, Veerasekar G, Victor SM, et al. A system of care for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in India: The Tamil Nadu-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction program. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2(5):498–505. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28273293/ . - Alexander T, Mullasari AS, Brahmajee D, Nallamothu K. Management strategies for acute STEMI in low-and middle-income countries: Experience of the Tamil Nadu ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction programme. AsiaIntervention. 2021;7:27–34. DOI: 10.4244/AIJ-D-21-00008
- Bennin CLK, Ibrahim S, Al-Saffar F, Box LC, Strom JA. Achieving timely percutaneous reperfusion for rural ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients by direct transport to an urban PCI-hospital. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2016;13:840–845. Available from:
http://www.jgc301.com;jgc@jgc301.com |. - Bagai A, Al-Khalidi HR, Muñoz D, Monk L, Roettig ML, Corbett CC, et al. Bypassing the emergency department and time to reperfusion in patients with prehospital ST-segment-elevation: Findings from the reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction in Carolina Emergency Departments project. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6(4):399–406. Available from:
http://ahajournals.org . - Minha S, Loh JP, Satler LF, Pendyala LK, Barbash IM, Magalhaes MA, et al. Transfer distance effect on reperfusion: Timeline of ST-elevation patients transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2014;15(8):369–374. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2014.08.003
- Langabeer JR, Prasad S, Seo M, Smith DT, Segrest W, Owan T, et al. The effect of interhospital transfers, emergency medical services, and distance on ischemic time in a rural ST-elevation myocardial infarction system of care. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33(7):913–916. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.04.009
- Choi SW, Shin S Do, Ro YS, Song KJ, Lee YJ, Lee EJ. Effect of emergency medical service use and inter-hospital transfer on time to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction: A multicenter observational study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(1):66–75. Available from:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10903127.2015.1056892 . - Nippak PMD, Pritchard J, Horodyski R, Ikeda-Douglas CJ, Isaac WW. Evaluation of a regional ST-elevation myocardial infarction primary percutaneous coronary intervention program at the Rouge Valley Health System. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14(1):1–6. Available from:
https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-14-449 .