References
- 1Writing Committee Members; Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, Bates ER, Beckie TM, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(2):e21–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.006
- 2Gaudino M, Hameed I, Biondi-Zoccai G, Tam DY, Gerry S, Rahouma M, et al. Systematic evaluation of the robustness of the evidence supporting current guidelines on myocardial revascularization using the fragility index. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019;12(12):
e006017 . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006017 - 3Costa F, Ariotti S, Valgimigli M, Kolh P, Windecker S. Perspectives on the 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2015;8(4):211–220. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9632-6
- 4Faro DC, Laudani C, Agnello FG, Ammirabile N, Finocchiaro S, Legnazzi M, et al. Complete percutaneous coronary revascularization in acute coronary syndromes with multivessel coronary disease: A systematic review. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16(19):2347–2364. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.07.043
- 5Pavasini R, Sanguettoli F, Zanarelli L, Deserio MA, Bianchi N, Fabbri G, et al. Unsolved questions in the revascularization of older myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022;23(10):344. DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2310344
- 6Ahmad Y, Howard JP, Arnold A, Prasad M, Seligman H, Cook CM, et al. Complete revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease: Updated meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(12):
e015263 . DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015263 - 7Rosvall M, Chaix B, Lynch J, Lindström M, Merlo J. Socioeconomic position, use of revascularization procedures and five-year survival after recovery from acute myocardial infarction. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:44. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-44
- 8Torm N, Oehme M. Social protection and formalization in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. World Dev. 2024;181:106662. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106662
- 9Lozada-Ramos H, Daza-Arana JE, Zárate M, Medina GF, Lanas F.
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting in Colombia . J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2022;63(1):78–84. DOI: 10.23736/S0021-9509.21.11829-4 - 10Blais C, Hamel D, Rinfret S. Impact of socioeconomic deprivation and area of residence on access to coronary revascularization and mortality after a first acute myocardial infarction in Québec. Can J Cardiol. 2012;28(2):169–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.10.009
- 11Dzayee DAM, Ivert T, Beiki O, Alfredsson L, Ljung R, Moradi T. Short- and long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting is influenced by socioeconomic position but not by migration status in Sweden, 1995–2007. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):
e63877 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063877 - 12Boscarino JA, Chang J. Survival after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and community socioeconomic status. Med Care. 1999;37(2):210–216. DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199902000-00011
- 13Lee JH, Cho Y, Kim YJ, Cho YH, Jeong YH, Jang HJ, et al. Impact of individual income level on late mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022;114(4):1327–1333. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.02.058
- 14Coyan GN, Okoye A, Shah A, Wang Y, Thoma F, Sciortino C, et al. Effect of neighborhood socioeconomic factors on readmissions and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2021;111(2):561–567. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.077
- 15Kjesbu I, Prescott E, Rasmusen HKH, Osler M, Larsen ML, Gustafsson I, et al. Socioeconomic and ethnical disparity in coronary heart disease outcomes in Denmark and the effect of cardiac rehabilitation. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):
e0276768 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276768 - 16Matetic A, Bharadwaj A, Mohamed MO, Chugh Y, Chugh S, Minissian M, et al. Socioeconomic status and differences in management and outcomes of 6.6 million US patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2020;129:10–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.046
- 17Patrick WL, Bojko M, Han JJ, Kelly JJ, Iyengar A, Helmers M, et al. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022;164(1):92–102.e8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.024
- 18LaPar DJ, Stukenborg GJ, Guyer RA, Stone ML, Bhamidipati CM, Lau CL, et al. Primary payer status is associated with mortality and resource utilization for coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation. 2012;126(11 Suppl 1):S132–S139. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.083782
- 19Denvir MA, Lee AJ, Rysdale J, Walker A, Eteiba H, Starkey IR, et al. Influence of socioeconomic status on clinical outcomes and quality of life after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60(12):1085–1088. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2005.045336
- 20Livesey S. Socio-economic deprivation and outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart. 2009;95(10):785–786. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2008.155002
- 21Shi WY, Yap CH, Newcomb AE, Hayward PA, Tran L, Reid CM, et al. Impact of socioeconomic status and rurality on outcomes after CABG. Heart Lung Circ. 2014;23(8):726–736. DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.01.011
- 22Matata BM, Shaw M, Grayson AD, McShane J, Lucy J, Fisher M, et al. Social deprivation and coronary revascularisation outcomes within the NHS in England and Wales. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(3):316–327. DOI: 10.1177/2047487314567000
- 23Rao SV, Schulman KA, Curtis LH, Gersh BJ, Jollis JG. Socioeconomic status and outcome following acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(10):1128–1133. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.164.10.1128
- 24Shimony A, Zahger D, Ilia R, Shalev A, Cafri C. Community socioeconomic status and outcomes after PCI. Int J Cardiol. 2010;144(3):379–382. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.04.033
- 25Birkmeyer NJO, Gu N, Baser O, Morris AM, Birkmeyer JD. Socioeconomic status and surgical mortality in the elderly. Med Care. 2008;46(9):893–899. DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31817925b0
- 26Lai FY, Gibbison B, O’Cathain A, Akowuah E, Cleland JG, Angelini GD, et al. Inequalities in access to and outcomes of cardiac surgery in England: 2010–2019. Heart. 2024;110(21):1262–1269. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324292
- 27Nielsen S, Giang KW, Wallinder A, Rosengren A, Pivodic A, Jeppsson A, et al. Social factors, sex and mortality risk after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(6):
e011490 . DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011490 - 28Landon BE, Hatfield LA, Bakx P, Banerjee A, Chen YC, Fu C, et al. Differences in treatment patterns and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction for low- and high-income patients in six countries. JAMA. 2023;329(13):1088–1097. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.1699
- 29Berman AN, Biery DW, Ginder C, Singh A, Baek J, Wadhera RK, et al. Socioeconomic disadvantage and long-term mortality after myocardial infarction: The MGB YOUNG-MI Registry. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(8):880–888. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0487
- 30Alter DA, Naylor CD, Austin P, Tu JV. Effects of socioeconomic status on access to invasive cardiac procedures and on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(18):1359–1367. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199910283411806
- 31Kim JH, Jeong MH, Park IH, Choi JS, Rhee JA, Lee DH, et al. Association of socioeconomic status with three-year outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing PCI. J Korean Med Sci. 2014;29(4):536–543. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.4.536
- 32Nielsen SJ, Karlsson M, Björklund E, Martinsson A, Hansson EC, Malm CJ, et al. Socioeconomic factors, secondary prevention medication and long-term survival after CABG: SWEDEHEART cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(5):
e015491 . DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015491 - 33Dalén M, Ivert T, Holzmann MJ, Sartipy U. Household disposable income and long-term survival after cardiac surgery: Nationwide cohort of 100 534 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(17):1888–1897. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.860
- 34Congreso de la República.
Ley Estatutaria 1751 de 2015: regula el derecho fundamental a la salud en Colombia . Bogotá, Colombia: Diario Oficial; 2015 Feb 16. Available from:https://dapre.presidencia.gov.co - 35Galvis-Aponte LA, Rico JN. Desigualdades regionales en la salud en Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República; 2023 Jun 6. Available from:
https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/handle/20.500.12134/10640 - 36Otálora AMC, Vargas AC, Vega Figueroa A, Saavedra AM, Bonilla D, Pérez GO, et al. Estudio de suficiencia y mecanismos de ajuste del riesgo para la Unidad de Pago por Capitación. Bogotá, Colombia: Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social; 2019.
- 37Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (Colombia).
Planilla Integrada de Liquidación de Aportes – PILA [Internet] . Bogotá: MinSalud; c2025 [consultado 25 feb 2025]. Available from:https://www.minsalud.gov.co/proteccionsocial/Paginas/pila.aspx - 38Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (Colombia).
Registro Único de Afiliados – RUAF [Internet] . Bogotá: MinSalud; c2025 [consultado 25 feb 2025]. Available from:https://ruaf.sispro.gov.co - 39Cendales R, Pardo C. Calidad de la certificación de la mortalidad en Colombia, 1997–2016. Rev Colomb Cancerol. 2022;26(3):326–336.
- 40Oliveros H, Buitrago G. Validation and adaptation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index using Colombian administrative data: Retrospective cohort. BMJ Open. 2022;12(3):
e054058 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054058 - 41Moreno-Betancur M, Latouche A, Menvielle G, Kunst AE, Rey G. Relative and slope indices of inequality: A structured regression framework. Epidemiology. 2015;26(4):518–527. DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000311
- 42Patiño-Benavidez AF, Buitrago G, Rozo-Agudelo N, Saldaña-Espinel LE, Gamboa-Garay ÓA, Eslava-Schmalbach J, et al. Association of healthcare fragmentation and the survival of patients with colorectal cancer in Colombia. Value Health Reg Issues. 2024;41:63–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.12.003
- 43Sánchez-Santiesteban D, Patiño-Benavidez AF, Buitrago G. Socioeconomic inequalities of 3-year survival in formal employees with colorectal cancer between 2012 and 2019 in Colombia. PLoS One. 2025;20(4):
e0316061 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316061 - 44Gamboa Ó, Buitrago G, Patiño AF, Rozo Agudelo N, Saldaña Espinel L, Eslava-Schmalbach J, et al. Fragmentation of care and its association with survival and costs for patients with breast cancer in colombia. JCO Glob Oncol. 2023;9:
e2200393 . DOI: 10.1200/GO.22.00393 - 45Buitrago G, Moreno-Serra R. Conflict violence reduction and pregnancy outcomes: A regression discontinuity design in Colombia. PLoS Med. 2021;18(7):
e1003684 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003684
