Figure 1
PRISMA Flow Diagram.
Table 1
Scale and sample characteristics of included studies.
| DEVELOPMENT | TRANSLATED LANGUAGE | TOTAL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Question Length | |||
| Mean | 19 | 21.5 | 20 |
| Median | 21.6 | 21.5 | 21.5 |
| Minimum | 5 | 12 | 5 |
| Maximum | 64 | 30 | 64 |
| Question Types (Count) | |||
| True/False (Yes/No) + IDK | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| Multiple Choice | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| Combination | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Likert Scale | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Sample Type (Count) | |||
| Clinical | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| General Population | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| Pre-clinical | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Gender Male Mean % | 0.63a | 0.55 | 0.56 |
| Gender Male Median % | 0.57a | 0.51 | 0.55 |
| Mean Age per Sample | |||
| Mean | 57.8b | 61.0a | 59.1c |
| Median | 60.5b | 60.7a | 60.6c |
[i] aMissing data = 1 study; bMissing data = 5 studies; cMissing data = 6 studies.
Table 2
Domain areas covered by each CVD knowledge scale, as defined by authors sorted by most frequent domain areas.
| STUDY | RISK FACTORS | NUTRITION/DIET | MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF <3 | PHYSICAL ACTIVITY/EXERCISE | TREATMENT OPTIONS | SYMPTOMS | SELF-CARE & MANAGEMENT | PSYCHO SOCIAL RISKS | EPIDEMIO LOGICAL KNOWLEDGE | STRESS | HEART FAILURE SPECIFIC HEALTH LITERACY | CHD, CONTRACEPTIVES AND PREGNANCY | DIABETES AND CVD | RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS | PRE-HOSPITAL ADMISSION | THOUGHTS & ACTIONS TOWARDS HEART FAILURE | HYPERTENSION | FEMALE SPECIFIC CHD KNOWLEDGE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Development Studies | Bergman 2011 (27) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Bonin 2014 (28) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Butts 2018 (17) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Cecchetto 2014 (16) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Ghisi 2010b (29) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Gwadry-Sridhar 2003 (30) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| John 2009 (19) | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Kato 2013 (31) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Khazaei 2018 (23) | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lainscak 2005 (32) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Reilly 2009 (33) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Santos 2018 (34) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Schapira 2012 (35) | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Smith 1991 (36) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Thanavaro 2010 (21) | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| van der Wal 2005 (37) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Wagner 2005 (38) | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Woringer 2017 (39) | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Language Translation Studies | Frayssac 2017 (18) | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Ghisi 2010a (40) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
| Ghisi 2018 (41) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Lima 2022 (42) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Omovvat 2022 (43) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Saffi 2013(44) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
| Santos 2019 (45) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Yang 2020 (22) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
| Yue 2016 (46) | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Zehirlioglu 2020 (47) | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
Table 3
Quality ratings for each CVD knowledge scale.
| STUDY | CONSTRUCT VALIDITY | CRITERION VALIDITY | INTERNAL CONSISTENCY | TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY | OVERALL RATING | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unique | Bergman 2011 (27) | A | † | C | † | C |
| Bonin 2014 (28) | D | † | C | A | C | |
| Butts 2018 (17) | A | C | B | † | B | |
| Cecchetto 2014 (16) | D | † | A | A | B | |
| Ghisi 2010b (29) | D | † | D | A | C | |
| Gwadry-Sridhar 2003 (30) | † | † | C | † | D | |
| John 2009 (19) | D | † | D | D | D | |
| Kato 2013 (31) | D | † | C | † | D | |
| Khazaei 2018 (20) | A | † | B | A | A | |
| Lainscak 2005 (32) | † | † | C | † | D | |
| Reilly 2009 (33) | A | † | C | † | C | |
| Santos 2018 (34) | D | † | C | A | C | |
| Schapira 2012 (35) | C | † | * | † | D | |
| Smith 1991 (36) | † | * | B | † | C | |
| Thanavaro 2010 (21) | A | A | C | B | A | |
| van der Wal 2005 (37) | * | * | D | † | D | |
| Wagner 2005 (38) | † | C | C | A | C | |
| Woringer 2017 (39) | D | † | C | † | D | |
| Translation | Frayssac 2017 (18) | D | † | C | B | C |
| Ghisi 2010a (40) | D | † | D | B | C | |
| Ghisi 2018 (41) | D | † | C | B | C | |
| Lima 2022 (42) | A | † | D | A | B | |
| Omovvat 2022 (43) | * | † | C | B | C | |
| Saffi 2013 (44) | D | † | C | † | D | |
| Santos 2019 (45) | † | * | D | A | C | |
| Yang 2020 (22) | A | * | A | B | A | |
| Yue 2016 (46) | D | † | B | A | B | |
| Zehirlioglu 2020 (47) | * | † | † | † | D | |
[i] * Information available but does not fit PGF criteria; † insufficient information to evaluate.