Figure 1
Map of Nigeria showing the six geopolitical zones, 36 states, and Federal Capital Territory [6].
Figure 2
Prevalence of hypertension in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria [14].
Table 1
Sex-Specific PAF (%) of myocardial infarction, all stroke, ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrgagic stroke in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria.
| GEOPOLITICAL ZONES | BOTH SEXES | MEN | WOMEN | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAF (%) | PAF (%) | PAF (%) | ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCEIN PAF% | P-VALUE | |
| MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | |||||
| North Central | 13.3 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 1.5 | 0.78 |
| North East | 12.1 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 0.3 | |
| North West | 13.3 | 11.0 | 13.5 | 2.5 | |
| South East | 13.4 | 13.81 | 13.6 | 0.2 | |
| South South | 12.7 | 12.1 | 11.2 | 0.9 | |
| South West | 13.1 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 0.5 | |
| Overall | 13.2 | ||||
| ALL STROKE | |||||
| North Central | 24.6 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 0.7 | 0.56 |
| North East | 23.9 | 23.6 | 23.9 | 0.3 | |
| North West | 24.6 | 22.7 | 24.7 | 2.0 | |
| South East | 24.7 | 24.3 | 24.6 | 0.4 | |
| South South | 24.3 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 0.8 | |
| South West | 24.5 | 24.3 | 24.6 | 0.3 | |
| Overall | 24.6 | ||||
| ISCHAEMIC STROKE | |||||
| North Central | 21.7 | 21.8 | 20.7 | 1.1 | 0.66 |
| North East | 20.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 0.4 | |
| North West | 21.7 | 19.4 | 21.8 | 2.4 | |
| South East | 21.7 | 21.6 | 21.8 | 0.2 | |
| South South | 21.2 | 20.6 | 19.6 | 1.0 | |
| South West | 21.5 | 21.1 | 21.6 | 0.4 | |
| Overall | 21.6 | ||||
| INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRGAGIC STROKE | |||||
| North Central | 33.0 | 32.4 | 33.5 | 1.2 | 0.63 |
| North East | 33.5 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 0.0 | |
| North West | 33.0 | 33.2 | 32.7 | 0.5 | |
| South East | 32.8 | 31.3 | 32.4 | 1.1 | |
| South South | 33.4 | 33.5 | 33.3 | 0.2 | |
| South West | 33.2 | 33.4 | 33.1 | 0.3 | |
| Overall | 33.1 | ||||
Table 2
Age and sex-specific PAF% of hypertension for the burden of myocardial Infarction.
| REGION | BOTH SEXES | MEN | WOMEN | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young | Old | Absolute Difference | ≤55 years | >55 years | Absolute Difference | ≤65 years | >65 years | Absolute Difference | |
| North Central | 16.2 | 18.8 | 2.6 | 14.4 | 11.6 | 2.8 | 19.6 | 11.3 | 8.3 |
| North East | 15.0 | 15.1 | 0.1 | 12.6 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 19.6 | 11.3 | 8.3 |
| North West | 16.2 | 18.7 | 2.5 | 11.7 | 9.2 | 2.5 | 20.8 | 12.6 | 8.2 |
| South East | 16.3 | 19.3 | 3.0 | 14.6 | 11.9 | 2.7 | 20.8 | 12.7 | 8.1 |
| South South | 15.6 | 16.6 | 1.0 | 12.8 | 10.2 | 2.6 | 18.6 | 10.4 | 8.2 |
| South West | 16.0 | 17.9 | 1.9 | 13.4 | 10.7 | 2.7 | 20.6 | 12.3 | 8.3 |
| Urban | 16.3 | 19.5 | 3.2 | 13.4 | 10.7 | 2.7 | 20.8 | 12.6 | 8.2 |
| Rural | 15.2 | 15.5 | 0.3 | 13.2 | 10.5 | 2.7 | 19.2 | 10.9 | 8.3 |
| Mixed | 16.4 | 19.5 | 3.1 | 14.4 | 11.6 | 2.8 | 20.8 | 12.6 | 8.3 |
| p-value | 0.005 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Figure 3
Prevalence of hypertension in the rural, urban and mixed settings in Nigeria [14].
Figure 4
Age-specific population attributable risk of hypertension for the burden of myocardial infarction, all strokes and major stroke types in 1995 (top) and 2020 (bottom).
Table 3
PAF of hypertension for the burden of myocardial infarction, all strokes and major stroke types (age ≥20 years), during 1995 and 2020.
| MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | ALL STROKE | ISCHAEMIC STROKE | INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRGAGIC STROKE | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2020 | 1995 | 2020 | 1995 | 2020 | 1995 | 2020 | |||||
| AGE CATEGORY | PAF (%) | PAF(%) | ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE | PAF(%) | PAF(%) | ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE | PAF(%) | PAF (%) | ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE | PAF(%) | PAF (%) | ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE |
| 20–24 | 7.0 | 11.9 | 16.7 | 16.8 | 23.6 | 6.8 | 13.7 | 20.4 | 6.7 | 28.8 | 33.5 | 4.7 |
| 25–29 | 10.3 | 12.4 | 17.7 | 21.9 | 24.1 | 2.2 | 18.6 | 21.0 | 2.4 | 32.8 | 33.5 | 0.7 |
| 30–34 | 13.8 | 12.9 | 17.5 | 23.7 | 24.5 | 0.8 | 21.2 | 21.4 | 0.2 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 3.1 |
| 35–39 | 9.7 | 13.3 | 16.2 | 15.5 | 24.6 | 9.1 | 14.1 | 21.6 | 7.5 | 18.8 | 33.0 | 14.2 |
| 40–44 | 7.0 | 13.5 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 24.6 | 7.7 | 13.8 | 21.8 | 8.0 | 28.9 | 32.6 | 3.7 |
| 45–49 | 8.3 | 13.7 | 14.9 | 19.1 | 24.5 | 5.4 | 15.8 | 21.8 | 6.0 | 30.8 | 32.1 | 1.2 |
| 50–54 | 9.5 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 20.8 | 24.3 | 3.5 | 17.4 | 21.7 | 4.3 | 32.1 | 31.5 | 0.6 |
| 55–59 | 10.4 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 2.0 | 18.7 | 21.5 | 2.8 | 32.9 | 30.8 | 2.1 |
| 60–64 | 11.3 | 13.8 | 13.2 | 23.0 | 23.6 | 0.6 | 19.7 | 21.2 | 1.5 | 33.3 | 30.0 | 3.3 |
| 65–69 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 23.7 | 23.1 | 0.6 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 0.3 | 33.5 | 29.2 | 4.3 |
| 70–74 | 12.5 | 13.4 | 12.2 | 24.2 | 22.6 | 1.6 | 21.0 | 20.3 | 0.7 | 33.5 | 28.3 | 5.2 |
| 75–79 | 13.0 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 24.5 | 21.9 | 2.6 | 21.4 | 19.8 | 1.6 | 33.3 | 27.4 | 5.9 |
| 80+ | 13.3 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 24.6 | 21.1 | 3.5 | 21.7 | 19.1 | 2.6 | 32.9 | 26.2 | 6.7 |
| All (20+) | 6.2 | 13.3 | 15.5 | 15.4 | 24.6 | 9.2 | 12.4 | 21.7 | 9.3 | 27.4 | 32.9 | 5.5 |
| P-value | 0.0001 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.777 | ||||||||
Table S3
Sex-specific PAF (%) of myocardial infarction, all stroke, ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrgagic stroke by level of rurality.
| LEVEL OF RURALITY | BOTH SEXES | MEN | WOMEN | ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCEIN PAF% | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | PAF (%) | PAF (%) | PAF (%) | ||
| Urban | 13.5 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 0.9 | 0.999 |
| Rural | 12.3 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 0.7 | |
| Mixed | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 0.1 | |
| ALL STROKE | |||||
| Urban | 24.7 | 24.3 | 24.6 | 0.4 | 0.816 |
| Rural | 24.0 | 24.2 | 23.5 | 0.67 | |
| Mixed | 24.7 | 24.6 | 24.7 | 0.04 | |
| ISCHAEMIC STROKE | |||||
| Urban | 21.7 | 21.1 | 21.8 | 0.6 | 0.958 |
| Rural | 20.8 | 21.0 | 20.2 | 0.8 | |
| Mixed | 21.7 | 21.8 | 21.8 | 0.0 | |
| INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE | |||||
| Urban | 32.7 | 33.4 | 32.6 | 0.8 | 0.731 |
| Rural | 33.5 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 0.0 | |
| Mixed | 32.7 | 32.4 | 32.7 | 0.3 | |