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The Prognostic Value of Serum Calcium Levels in Elderly Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients Cover

The Prognostic Value of Serum Calcium Levels in Elderly Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients

Global Heart
Volume 19 (2024): Issue 1
By: Xinyi Li,  Wenfei He,  Qiqi Song,  Qingshan Ding,  Xiaonan Zhang,  Zhigang Zeng,  Weiping Deng,  Gang Deng,  Lichang Guan,  Wanzi Hong,  Yaoxin Liu,  Fen Shu,  Lishu Xu,  Ning Tan,  Jinjin Ma and  Lei Jiang  
Open Access
|Feb 2024
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Baseline characteristics between normal and Lower calcium group.

VARIABLESPATIENTS WITH DCM (N = 1089)p-VALUE
NORMAL CALCIUMLOWER CALCIUM
(n = 943)(n = 146)
Demographic
    Age, y68.12 ± 6.1569.94 ± 7.080.005
    Male, n(%)601(63.7)111(76.0)0.004
Medical History
    Smoking history, n(%)244(25.9)45(30.8)0.208
    Hypertension, n(%)309(32.8)44(30.1)0.527
    Diabetes, n(%)228(24.2)34(23.3)0.815
Parameters and medications
    Serum chloride, mmol/L103.27 ± 5.03101.41 ± 6.540.001
    Serum sodium, mmol/L138.24 ± 3.75136.76 ± 12.460.090
    Serum potassium, mmol/L3.8 ± 0.513.76 ± 0.750.562
    WBC count, 109/L7.5 ± 2.827.51 ± 2.680.967
    Neutrophil count, 109/L5.03 ± 2.574.96 ± 2.590.429
    Lymphocyte count, 109/L1.64 ± 1.161.67 ± 0.680.453
    Hemoglobin, g/L131.14 ± 18.88131.92 ± 17.930.641
    Glucose, mmol/L6.83 ± 2.997.00 ± 3.140.496
    CREA, umol/L107.18 ± 67.58145.76 ± 103.08<0.001
    Uric, umol/L501.68 ± 169.75519.53 ± 236.160.447
    CHOL, mmol/L4.43 ± 1.083.90 ± 1.09<0.001
    LDL-C, mmol/L2.79 ± 0.852.41 ± 0.88<0.001
    HDL-C, mmol/L1.05 ± 0.300.89 ± 0.35<0.001
    TBIL, umol/L21.60 ± 15.7028.7 ± 47.690.002
    LVEF, %38.58 ± 16.1236.70 ± 17.560.235
    Diuretics use, n(%)850(90.1)129(88.4)0.506
    Digoxin use, n(%)436(46.2)80(54.8)0.054
Clinical outcomes
    In-hospital mortality, n(%)28(3.0)17(11.6)<0.001
    Long-term mortality, n(%)371(41.7)90(72.0)<0.001

[i] Abbreviations: DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; WBC: white blood cell; CREA: creatinine; CHOL: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TBIL: total bilirubin; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction.

Table 2

Logistic regression analyses for in-hospital mortality.

VARIABLESUNIVARIATE ANALYSISMULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
ORp-VALUEORp-VALUE
Serum calcium0.204 (0.121~0.345)<0.0010.340 (0.160~0.720)0.005
Age1.048 (1.003~1.095)0.0380.980 (0.922~1.042)0.525
Males1.478 (0.754~2.897)0.255
Smoke1.263 (0.662~2.409)0.479
Hypertension0.509 (0.242~1.068)0.074
Diabetes0.782 (0.371~1.645)0.516
Serum creatinine1.009 (1.006~1.012)<0.0011.005 (1.002~1.009)0.002
CHOL0.772 (0.563~1.058)0.107
Hemoglobin1.006 (0.989~1.022)0.508
Albumin0.862 (0.811~0.915)<0.0011.016 (0.925~1.116)0.747
lg NT-proBNP18.632 (7.950~43.669)<0.0015.618 (2.082~15.161)0.001
LVEF0.977 (0.962~0.993)0.0040.989 (0.970~1.009)0.282
Usage of diuretics0.719 (0.297~1.739)0.464

[i] Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; CHOL: total cholesterol; NT-proBNP: N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction.

Figure 1

ROC curve of serum calcium in predicting in-hospital mortality.

Figure 2

Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to the optimal cutoff value of serum calcium.

Table 3

Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models for long-term mortality.

CLINICAL VARIABLESHR95% CIp-VALUE
Model 1
    Serum calcium, mg/dL0.7080.557~0.9010.005
    Age, years1.0381.019~1.056<0.001
    Serum creatinine, umol/L1.0041.002~1.005<0.001
    Albumin, g/L1.0050.977~1.0340.708
    lgNT-proBNP1.3621.075~1.7250.010
    LVEF, %0.9770.965~0.989<0.001
Model 2
    Serum calcium ≤ 8.62 mg/dL1.4491.115~1.8820.005
    Age, years1.0381.02~1.056<0.001
    Serum creatinine, umol/L1.0041.003~1.005<0.001
    Albumin, g/L1.0030.976~1.030.853
    lgNT-proBNP1.3331.053~1.6890.017
    LVEF, %0.9750.963~0.987<0.001

[i] Abbreviations: HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1304 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179
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Language: English
Submitted on: Aug 23, 2023
Accepted on: Feb 5, 2024
Published on: Feb 28, 2024
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Biomarkers,
Clinical study,
Diagnostic advances,
Geriatric cardiomyopathy

© 2024 Xinyi Li, Wenfei He, Qiqi Song, Qingshan Ding, Xiaonan Zhang, Zhigang Zeng, Weiping Deng, Gang Deng, Lichang Guan, Wanzi Hong, Yaoxin Liu, Fen Shu, Lishu Xu, Ning Tan, Jinjin Ma, Lei Jiang, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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