Figure 1
Flowchart of participant screening.
Table 1
Baseline Characteristics of Participants from 2013 to 2018.
| CHARACTERISTICS | N(%)/MEAN ± SD |
|---|---|
| Overall | 6695 |
| Gender (%) | |
| Female | 3430 (51.3) |
| Male | 3265(48.7) |
| Age (%) | |
| 20–45 | 2734 (45.9) |
| 45–69 | 2824 (42.1) |
| ≥69 | 1137 (11.9) |
| Race (%) | |
| Mexican American | 983 (8.9) |
| Other Hispanic | 720 (6.4) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2604 (65.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1366 (10.9) |
| Other race | 1022 (8.7) |
| Alcohol intake(%) | |
| No | 1533 (18.0) |
| Yes | 5162 (82.0) |
| Smoke (%) | |
| Never smoked | 3728 (55.4) |
| Former smoker | 1659 (26.4) |
| Current smoker | 1308 (18.3) |
| BMI (%) | |
| ≤25 | 1901 (28.4) |
| 25–30 | 2171 (32.1) |
| >30 | 2623 (39.4) |
| Diabetes (%) | |
| No | 5308 (84.5) |
| Yes | 1387 (15.5) |
| Stroke (%) | |
| No | 6433 (97.0) |
| Yes | 262 (3.0) |
| COPD (%) | |
| No | 6405 (96.0) |
| Yes | 290 (4.0) |
| TyG index (mean (SD)) | 8.64 (0.66) |
| Myocardial Infarct (%) | |
| No | 6384 (96.4) |
| Yes | 311 (3.6) |
[i] Note: Categorical variables are presented as n (%), and continuous variables are presented as mean (sd); n is unweighted, while n (%), mean, and sd are weighted.
Table 2
Characteristics of the Population by MI Groups.
| CHARACTERISTICS | MYOCARDIAL INFARCT (NO) | MYOCARDIAL INFARCT (YES) | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 6384 | 311 | |
| Gender (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 3315 (51.9) | 115 (35.3) | |
| Male | 3069 (48.1) | 196 (64.7) | |
| Age (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 20–45 | 2710 (47.4) | 24 (7.6) | |
| 45–69 | 2673 (41.6) | 151 (56.5) | |
| ≥69 | 1001 (11.0) | 136 (35.8) | |
| Race (%) | 0.174 | ||
| Mexican American | 950 (9.1) | 33 (4.4) | |
| Other Hispanic | 688 (6.4) | 32 (5.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2449 (64.9) | 155 (70.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1299 (10.9) | 67 (11.5) | |
| Other race | 998 (8.7) | 24 (8.4) | |
| Alcohol intake (%) | 0.877 | ||
| No | 1473 (18.1) | 60 (17.6) | |
| Yes | 4911 (81.9) | 251 (82.4) | |
| Smoke (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Never smoked | 3624 (56.2) | 104 (33.3) | |
| Former smoker | 1530 (25.8) | 129 (41.8) | |
| Current smoker | 1230 (18.0) | 78 (24.8) | |
| BMI (%) | 0.511 | ||
| ≤25 | 1825 (28.5) | 76 (25.2) | |
| 25–30 | 2067 (32.0) | 104 (35.6) | |
| >30 | 2492 (39.4) | 131 (39.2) | |
| Diabetes (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 5147 (85.5) | 161 (56.9) | |
| Yes | 1237 (14.5) | 150 (43.1) | |
| Stroke (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 6169 (97.5) | 264 (84.5) | |
| Yes | 215 (2.5) | 47 (15.5) | |
| COPD (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 6154 (96.7) | 251 (78.5) | |
| Yes | 230 (3.3) | 60 (21.5) | |
| TyG index (mean (SD)) | 8.63 (0.66) | 8.89 (0.71) | 0.003 |
[i] Note: Categorical variables are presented as n (%), and continuous variables are presented as mean (sd); n is unweighted, while n (%), mean, and sd are weighted.
Table 3
Logistic Regression Analysis of TyG Index and MI.
| CHARACTERISTIC | OR | 95%CI | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| TyG index | 1.69 | (1.26, 2.26) | <0.001 |
[i] Note: No adjustment for any confounding factors.
Table 4
Linear Regression of Interaction Terms and TyG Index.
| PARTICIPANTS | OR | 95%CI | P-VALUE | P FOR INTERACTION |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.055 | |||
| Female | 0.86 | 0.50, 1.47 | 0.6 | |
| Male | 1.28 | 0.79, 2.08 | 0.3 | |
| Age | 0.950 | |||
| 20–45 | 0.73 | 0.30, 1.77 | 0.5 | |
| 45–69 | 1.05 | 0.59, 1.86 | 0.9 | |
| ≥69 | 1.3 | 0.79, 2.15 | 0.3 | |
| Race | 0.038 | |||
| Mexican American | 0.73 | 0.30, 1.78 | 0.5 | |
| Other Hispanic | 0.61 | 0.34, 1.07 | 0.073 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.28 | 0.79, 2.08 | 0.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.52 | 0.85, 2.73 | 0.14 | |
| Other race | 0.41 | 0.10, 1.72 | 0.2 | |
| BMI | 0.491 | |||
| ≤25 | 0.9 | 0.48, 1.71 | 0.7 | |
| 25–30 | 1.09 | 0.61, 1.93 | 0.8 | |
| >30 | 1.3 | 0.81, 2.09 | 0.3 | |
| Smoke | 0.029 | |||
| Never smoked | 1.63 | 1.11, 2.40 | 0.01 | |
| Former smoker | 1.05 | 0.64, 1.73 | 0.8 | |
| Current smoker | 0.73 | 0.36, 1.46 | 0.4 | |
| Alcohol intake | 0.349 | |||
| yes | 1.24 | 0.79, 1.96 | 0.3 | |
| no | 0.7 | 0.42, 1.15 | 0.14 | |
| Diabetes | 0.870 | |||
| no | 1.18 | 0.70, 2.01 | 0.5 | |
| yes | 1 | 0.67, 1.50 | >0.9 | |
| COPD | 0.005 | |||
| no | 1.27 | 0.86, 1.87 | 0.2 | |
| yes | 0.63 | 0.26, 1.53 | 0.3 | |
| Stroke | 0.580 | |||
| no | 1.13 | 0.75, 1.69 | 0.5 | |
| yes | 1.04 | 0.39, 2.76 | >0.9 |
[i] Note: No adjustment for any confounding factors.
Table 5
Four Types of Linear Regression Models Adjusted for Confounding Factors.
| PARTICIPANTS | MODELS | OR | 95% CI | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | Crude | 1.69 | 1.26, 2.26 | <0.001 |
| model I | 1.42 | 0.98, 2.05 | 0.055 | |
| model II | 1.41 | 0.96, 2.08 | 0.067 | |
| model III | 1.12 | 0.76, 1.65 | 0.6 | |
| Race | ||||
| Mexican-American | Crude | 1.37 | 0.80, 2.35 | 0.2 |
| model I | 1.07 | 0.53, 2.15 | 0.8 | |
| model II | 1 | 0.39, 2.57 | >0.9 | |
| model III | 0.73 | 0.30, 1.78 | 0.5 | |
| Other Hispanic | Crude | 1.33 | 1.04, 1.71 | 0.021 |
| model I | 1.12 | 0.83, 1.52 | 0.4 | |
| model II | 0.98 | 0.62, 1.57 | >0.9 | |
| model III | 0.61 | 0.34, 1.07 | 0.073 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | Crude | 1.87 | 1.29, 2.72 | <0.001 |
| model I | 1.52 | 0.96, 2.41 | 0.063 | |
| model II | 1.57 | 0.98, 2.53 | 0.052 | |
| model III | 1.28 | 0.79, 2.08 | 0.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | Crude | 2.34 | 1.53, 3.58 | <0.001 |
| model I | 2 | 1.28, 3.13 | 0.002 | |
| model II | 1.97 | 1.19, 3.29 | 0.006 | |
| model III | 1.52 | 0.85, 2.73 | 0.14 | |
| Other race | Crude | 0.79 | 0.36, 1.71 | 0.5 |
| model I | 0.55 | 0.19, 1.63 | 0.3 | |
| model II | 0.56 | 0.16, 1.99 | 0.4 | |
| model III | 0.41 | 0.10, 1.72 | 0.2 | |
| Smoke | ||||
| Never smoked | Crude | 2.51 | 1.82, 3.45 | <0.001 |
| model I | 2.14 | 1.44, 3.18 | <0.001 | |
| model II | 2.17 | 1.51, 3.12 | <0.001 | |
| model III | 1.63 | 1.11, 2.40 | 0.01 | |
| Former smoker | Crude | 1.39 | 0.98, 1.95 | 0.054 |
| model I | 1.23 | 0.81, 1.86 | 0.3 | |
| model II | 1.2 | 0.77, 1.87 | 0.4 | |
| model III | 1.05 | 0.64, 1.73 | 0.8 | |
| Current smoker | Crude | 0.96 | 0.45, 2.05 | >0.9 |
| model I | 0.82 | 0.37, 1.80 | 0.6 | |
| model II | 0.92 | 0.43, 1.94 | 0.8 | |
| model III | 0.73 | 0.36, 1.46 | 0.4 | |
| COPD | ||||
| No | Crude | 1.93 | 1.47, 2.52 | <0.001 |
| model I | 1.61 | 1.15, 2.26 | 0.004 | |
| model II | 1.59 | 1.12, 2.26 | 0.007 | |
| model III | 1.27 | 0.86, 1.87 | 0.2 | |
| Yes | Crude | 0.59 | 0.26, 1.35 | 0.2 |
| model I | 0.64 | 0.29, 1.38 | 0.2 | |
| model II | 0.76 | 0.32, 1.81 | 0.5 | |
| model III | 0.63 | 0.26, 1.53 | 0.3 |
[i] Note: Crude model: no adjustment; Model 1: adjusted for age and gender; Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking, and alcohol intake; Model 3: adjusted for all confounding factors; Models in all participants groups include race.