Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with or without LAA thrombus.
| PARAMETER | NO THROMBUS (N = 418) | THROMBUS (N = 41) | P VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.096 | 756 | ||
| Age, years | 63.15 ± 11.01 | 62.95 ± 8.63 | 0.756 |
| Female, n (%) | 174 (41.6) | 19 (46.3) | 0.559 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.18 ± 3.83 | 24.72 ± 3.07 | 0.682 |
| Nonparoxymal AF, n (%) | 124 (29.6) | 36 (87.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 240 (57.4) | 25 (60.9) | 0.660 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 92 (22.0) | 6 (14.6) | 0.271 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 102 (24.4) | 6 (14.6) | 0.159 |
| Old myocardial infarction, n (%) | 8 (1.9) | 1 (2.4) | 0.817 |
| Previous stroke/TIA, n (%) | 70 (16.7) | 11 (26.8) | 0.106 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 130 (31.1) | 11 (26.8) | 0.572 |
| TBIL, umol/L | 13.98 ± 4.25 | 21.34 ± 9.34 | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 24.01 ± 17.52 | 25.42 ± 17.83 | 0.492 |
| RDW,% | 13.43 ± 2.01 | 13.88 ± 1.31 | 0.003 |
| Cr, umol/L | 72.91 ± 17.52 | 73.79 ± 15.97 | 0.738 |
| D-Di, ng/ml | 186.78 ± 294.59 | 350.16 ± 573.10 | 0.026 |
| LAD, mm | 37.59 ± 5.92 | 42.85 ± 6.14 | <0.001 |
| LVDd, mm | 47.72 ± 4.21 | 49.39 ± 7.42 | 0.261 |
| LVEF,% | 63.5 ± 5.76 | 58.88 ± 12.01 | 0.020 |
| LVFS,% | 34.66 ± 4.64 | 31.98 ± 7.86 | 0.046 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 2.17 ± 1.53 | 3.88 ± 1.24 | <0.001 |
| HAS-BLED | 0.94 ± 0.99 | 1.02 ± 0.96 | 0.485 |
[i] AF: atrial fibrillation; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; RDW: Red blood cell volume distribution width; Cr: Creatinine; D-Di: D-dimer; LAD: Left atrium diameter; LVDd: Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: Left ventricular fractional shortening.
Figure 1
Plasma TBIL levels in patients with LAA thrombus compared with those without LAA thrombus. (‘*’ with statistical significance).
Table 2
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of LAA thrombus.
| VARIABLE | OR | 95%CI | P VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nonparoxymal AF | 17.073 | 4.633–62.914 | <0.001 |
| TBIL | 1.229 | 1.122–1.345 | <0.001 |
| RDW | 1.063 | 0.837–1.351 | 0.614 |
| D-Di | 1.001 | 1.000–1.002 | 0.133 |
| LAD | 1.017 | 0.940–1.099 | 0.678 |
| LVEF | 0.873 | 0.770–0.989 | 0.033 |
| LVFS | 1.161 | 0.984–1.369 | 0.076 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 1.974 | 1.459–2.670 | <0.001 |
[i] AF: atrial fibrillation; TBIL: Total bilirubin; RDW: Red blood cell volume distribution width; D-Di: D-dimer; LAD: Left atrium diameter; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: Left ventricular fractional shortening.
Table 3
Pearson correlation analysis between TBIL and its clinical data in AF patients with LAA thrombus.
| PARAMETER | r | P VALUE |
|---|---|---|
| RDW | 0.207 | 0.177 |
| D-Di | 0.150 | 0.331 |
| LAD | 0.124 | 0.422 |
| LVEF | –0.327 | 0.031 |
| LVFS | –0.295 | 0.052 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | –0.157 | 0.308 |
[i] TBIL: Total bilirubin; RDW: Red blood cell volume distribution width; D-Di: D-dimer; LAD: Left atrium diameter; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: Left ventricular fractional shortening.
Figure 2
ROC curve for TBIL in predicting LAA thrombosis.