References
- 1Campana E, Cunha V, Glaveckaite S, et al. The use of single-pill combinations as first-line treatment for hypertension: Translating guidelines into clinical practice. Journal of Hypertension. 2020; 38: 2369–2377. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002598
- 2GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet (British edition). 2020; 396: 1223–1249.
- 3World Health Organization (WHO). Hypertension. Fact sheets 2019.
- 4NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: A pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants. Lancet. 2017; 389: 37–55. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5
- 5Geldsetzer P, Manne-Goehler J, Marcus M-E, et al. The state of hypertension care in 44 low-income and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data from 1.1 million adults. Lancet. 2019; 394: 652–662. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30955-9
- 6Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: A systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation. 2016; 134: 441–450. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912
- 7Verma AA, Khuu W, Tadrous M, Gomes T, Mamdani MM. Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive medications, adherence, and clinical outcomes: A population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018; 15:
e1002584 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002584 - 8Salam A, Kanukula R, Atkins E, et al. Efficacy and safety of dual combination therapy of blood pressure-lowering drugs as initial treatment for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Hypertension. 2019; 37. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002096
- 9Benjamin IJ, Kreutz R, Olsen MH, et al. Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive medication. The Lancet. 2019; 394: 637–638. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31629-0
- 10Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. JAMA. 2013; 310: 959–968. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.184182
- 11Corrao G, Nicotra F, Parodi A, et al. Cardiovascular protection by initial and subsequent combination of antihypertensive drugs in daily life ractice. Hypertension. 2011; 58: 566–572. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177592
- 12Gradman AH, Parisé H, Lefebvre P, et al. Initial combination therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: A matched cohort study. Hypertension. 2013; 61: 309–318. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.201566
- 13World Health Organization (WHO).
WHO model List of Essential Medicines – 21st list, 2019 . Geneva; 2019. - 14Persaud N, Jiang M, Shaikh R, et al. Comparison of essential medicines lists in 137 countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2019; 97: 394–404C. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.18.222448
- 15Bigdeli M, Jacobs B, Tomson G, et al. Access to medicines from a health system perspective. Health Policy and Planning. 2013; 28: 692–704. DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czs108
- 16The World Bank. The World by Income and Region. 2020.
- 17The World Bank. Population, total. 2019.
- 18The Global Health Observatory.
Raised blood pressure (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90) (age-standardized estimate) . World Health Organization; 2017. - 19World Health Organization (WHO). National Essential Medicines Lists (NEMLs) Repository. 2019.
- 20Resolve to Save Lives. Where we work. n.d.
- 21World Health Organization (WHO). Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal. 2020.
- 22
The Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia Network . Publications. 2020. - 23Bissell K, Ellwood P, Ellwood E, et al. Essential medicines at the national level: The global asthma network’s essential asthma medicines survey 2014. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16: 605. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040605
- 24Owolabi M, Olowoyo P, Miranda JJ, et al. Gaps in Hypertension Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Versus High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Hypertension. 2016; 68: 1328–1337. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08290
- 25World Health Organization (WHO). Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. Geneva; 2021.
- 26Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020; 75: 1334–1357. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026
- 27Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. 2018; 36: 1953–2041. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001940
- 28Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2018; 12: 579
e571–579 e573. DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.01.004 - 29Okwen PM, Maweu I, Grimmer K, Margarita Dizon J. Evaluation of all African clinical practice guidelines for hypertension: Quality and opportunities for improvement. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2019; 25: 565–574. DOI: 10.1111/jep.12954
- 30Aung HY. Update Guidelines in Hypertension. 66th Myanmar Medical Conference. Yangon, Myanmar:
Myanmar Society of Hypertension ; 2020. - 31Ofori SN, Obosi J. Prevalence of hypertension among office workers in a multi-national company in the Niger-Delta with the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2019; 15: 100899. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100899
- 32The World Bank. Hypertension care in Ukraine: Breakpoints and implications for action. Washington DC, United States of America: The World Bank; 2018. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13802
- 33Sison J, Divinagracia R, Nailes J. Asian management of hypertension: Current status, home blood pressure, and specific concerns in Philippines (a country report). The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2020; 22: 504–507.
- 34
Guidelines for the management of hypertension in Nigeria . In Onwubere B, Kadiri S (eds.) Nigerian Hypertension Society Guidelines Committee. Enugu, Nigeria: Ezu Books Limited. 2005. pp. 1–4. - 35Olowofela A, Isah AO. Antihypertensive medicines prescriptions before and after the Nigeria Hypertension Society guidelines and prescriber’s awareness of the guideline. Nigerian Medical Journal. 2017; 58: 107–113. DOI: 10.4103/nmj.NMJ_131_16
- 36World Health Organization (WHO). WHO model list of essential medicines – 21st list. Geneva; 2019.
- 37Webster R, Murphy A, Bygrave H, et al. Implementing fixed dose combination medications for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. Global Heart. 2020; 15: 57–62. DOI: 10.5334/gh.860
- 38Airoldi M, Zaccarelli M, Bisi L, et al. One-pill once-a-day HAART: A simplification strategy that improves adherence and quality of life of HIV-infected subjects. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2010; 4: 115–125. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S10330
- 39World Health Organization (WHO). HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care: Access to essential medicines and technology. Geneva; 2018.
- 40Abdelgadir HS, Elfadul MM, Hamid NH, Noma M. Adherence of doctors to hypertension clinical guidelines in academy charity teaching hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. BMC Health Services Research. 2019; 19: 309. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4140-z
- 41Milchak JL, Carter BL, James PA, Ardery G. Measuring adherence to practice guidelines for the management of hypertension. Hypertension. 2004; 44: 602–608. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313220
- 42Burnier M, Egan BM. Adherence in hypertension. Circulation Research. 2019; 124: 1124–1140.
- 43Macquart de Terline D, Kane A, Kramoh KE, et al. Factors associated with poor adherence to medication among hypertensive patients in twelve low and middle income Sub-Saharan countries. PloS one. 2019; 14:
e0219266–e0219266 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219266 - 44Pharm’Net. Liste des médicaments. Algeria: Pharm’Net; 2020.
- 45e-Pharma. High blood pressure. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: e-Pharmacie; 2020.
- 46Ibrahim MM. The Egyptian Hypertension Society: Egyptian Hypertension Guidelines. Egyptian Heart Journal. 2014; 66: 79–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2014.03.001
- 47Rosheta. Cardiovascular System. Egypt: Rosheta; 2020.
- 48World Health Organization (WHO). Food Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia. National Essential Medicine List: Fifth Edition. Addis Ababa: World Health Organization; 2015.
- 49Ministry of Health. Ethiopian National Guideline on Major NCDs 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2016.
- 50Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia. National Drug Formulary of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Planning, Drug Information Establishment and Distribution Department; 2007.
- 51Shukrala F, Gabriel T. Assessment of prescribing, dispensing, and patient use pattern of antihypertensive drugs for patients attending outpatient department of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015; 9: 519–523. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S73670
- 52Ministry of Health. Kenya Essentials Medicines List 2019. Nairobi, Kenya; 2019.
- 53Ministry of Health. Kenya National Guidelines For Cardiovascular Diseases Management. Nairobi, Kenya: Division of Non-Communicable Diseases; 2018.
- 54MYDAWA. Anti-Hypertensives. Nairobi, Kenya; 2020.
- 55Rida E, Soulaymani A, Serhier Z, Hami H, Abdelrhani M. Antidiabetics and antihypertensive medications use in Morocco: A pharmacoepidemiological descriptive study. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2020; 12. DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2195
- 56Berrada G, Ahid S, Ghanname I, et al. Generic drugs and the consumption trends of antihypertensives in Morocco. Thérapie. 2013; 68: 303–312.
- 57Asset Chemist.
High Blood Pressure (Cardiovascular) . Nigeria; 2020. - 58Hypertension guideline working group, Seedat YK, Rayner BL, Veriava Y. South African hypertension practice guideline 2014. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 2014; 25: 288–294. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2014-062
- 59Schellack N, Malan L. An overview of fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs in South Africa. South African Family Practice. 2014; 56: 206–211. DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.953868
- 60Federal Ministry of Health. National Essential Medicines List. Sudan; 2014.
- 61Federal Ministry of Health. Sudan National Standard Treatment Guidelines. Sudan; 2014.
- 62The Ministry of Health CD, Gender, Elderly and Children. Standard Treatment Guidelines & National Essential Medicines List Tanzania Mainland. 2017.
- 63Rimoy GH, Justin-Temu M, Nilay C. Prescribing patterns and cost of antihypertensive drugs in private hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009; 11. DOI: 10.4314/ecajps.v11i3.46285
- 64Ministry of Health. Uganda Clinical Guidelines 2016: National Guidelines for Management of Common Conditions. Kamala, Uganda; 2016.
- 65PinePharmacy. Tablets and capsules. Uganda; 2020.
- 66Ministry of Public Health of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. National Standard Treatment Guidelines for the Primary Level. Afghanistan; 2013.
- 67Ministry of Public Health, General Directorate of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Avicenna Pharmaceutical Institute. National Essential Medicines List of Afghanistan. 2014.
- 68Directorate General of Health Services MoHaFA.
National Guidelines for Management of Hypertension in Bangladesh . In Malik A (ed.) Bangladesh; 2013. - 69BanglaMeds.
Health Store . Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2020. - 70Joint Committee for Guideline Revision. 2018 Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension – a report of the revision committee of Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 2019; 16: 182–241.
- 71Tpl.
BRIEF—China approves first generic Exforge . London: The Pharma Letter; 2020. - 72Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Standard Treatment Guidelines – Hypertension. Government of India; 2015.
- 73Gupta R, Malhotra A, Malhotra P. Assessment of rational use of fixed dose combinations in hypertension in a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India. International Journal of Advances in Medicine. 2018; 5. DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20183905
- 74Medlife. Search results for Hydrochlorothiazide. India: Medlife; 2020.
- 75Indonesian Society of Hypertension.
Konsensus Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi 2019 . In Lukito AA, Harmeiwaty E, Hustrini NM (eds.) Jakarta, Indonesia; 2019. - 76Hatala R, Pella D, Hatalová K, Šidlo R. Optimization of blood pressure treatment with fixed-combination perindopril/amlodipine in patients with arterial hypertension. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2012; 32: 603–612. DOI: 10.2165/11634530-000000000-00000
- 77K24Klik. Product Kategori: Sistem Kardiovaskuler & Hematopoietik. Indonesia; 2020.
- 78My-Medicine. Hypertension, Heart & Artery Disease. Myanmar; 2020.
- 79Pakistan Hypertension League. 3rd National Hypertension Guideline: For the prevention, detection, evaluation & management of hypertension. Pakistan Hypertension League; 2018.
- 80MedOnline. Prescription Drugs. Pakistan: MedOnline; 2020.
- 81RosePharmacy. Rose Pharmacy Generics. Subangdaku Mandaue City, Philippines: Rose Pharmacy; 2020.
- 82Thai Hypertension Society. 2019 Thai Guidelines on The Treatment of Hypertension. 2019.
- 83Phimda K, Limpaiboon R, Sattayasai J. Management of hypertension in the general practice clinic: Post-marketing surveillance with a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide. Srinagarind Medical Journal. 2009; 24: 308–313.
- 84Association VNH. Hypertension diagnosis and treatment guidelines 2018. Vietnam National Heart Association; 2018.
- 85JioHealth. Thuc huyt áp- tim mch, thuc li tiu. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Jio Health; 2020.
- 86Cabinet Ministers of Ukraine. National List of Essential Medicines. Kyiv; 2017.
- 87Mishchenko O, Iakovlieva L, Adonkina V. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of fixed-dose triple combination for antihypertensive therapy in Ukraine. Journal of Health Policy and Outcomes Research. 2014; 1: 66–75.
- 88Iakovlieva L, Mishchenko O, Gerasymova O, et al. Evaluation the feasibility of some schemes of antihypertensive therapy on the budget impact analysis and missed opportunities analysis in Ukraine. Value in Health. 2013; 16: PA279. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.1447
- 89Chazova IE, Zhernakova, YV Z, on behalf of the experts. Clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16: 6–31. DOI: 10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179
- 90Bochkareva EV, Butina EK, Kim IV, et al. Adherence to antihypertensive medication in Russia: A scoping review of studies on levels, determinants and intervention strategies published between 2000 and 2017. Arch Public Health. 2019; 77: 43–43. DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0366-9
- 91Soboleva MS, Loskutova EE. Analysis of preferences in the use of fixed-doses combinations antihypertensive drugs in the regions of far-eastern federal district. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research. 2020; 12: 265–272. DOI: 10.2147/CEOR.S251721
- 92Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial. Consenso Argentino de Hipertensión Arterial. 2018.
- 93Espeche W, Salazar MR, Sabio R, et al. Adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment in Argentina: A multicenter study. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2020; 22: 656–662. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13830
- 94Farmacity. Resultados: Valsartan. Buenos Aires, Argentina: farmacity; 2020.
- 95Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 7th Brazilian Guideline of Arterial Hypertension. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia; 2016.
- 96Mengue SS, Bertoldi AD, Ramos LR, et al. Access to and use of high blood pressure medications in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 2016; 50: 8s–8s. DOI: 10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006154
- 97Ultrafarma. Pressão Alta. São Paulo, Brazil: ultrafarma; 2020.
- 98Gobierno de Colombia. Guía de Práctica Clínica: Para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial primaria. In Salud IdETe (ed.) Bogotá, Colombia; 2017.
- 99Cruz Verde. Cardiovasculares. Bogota, Mexico: Cruz Verde; 2020.
- 100Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnologica en Salud. Diagnostico y Tramtamiento de la Hipertension arterial en el Primer nivel de atencion. Mexico: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; 2014.
- 101MEXI Pharmacy. Results for: ‘hydrochlorothiazide’. Mexico: MEXI Pharmacy; 2020.
- 102Noohi F, Sarrafzadegan N, Khosravi A, Andalib E, Group FRoHBPW. The first Iranian recommendations on prevention, evaluation and management of high blood pressure. ARYA Atheroscler. 2012; 8: 97–118.
- 103
Directorate of Public Health. National Guidelines for Primary Health Care Physicians: Hypertension Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment . Iraq: Directorate of Public Health Non-communicable Disease Section; 2012. - 104Nassr OA, Forsyth P. Evaluation of blood pressure control and associated factors among patients with hypertension in Iraq: A prospective cross-sectional study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019; 11: 232–239. DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_82_19
- 105Aydogdu S, Guler K, Bayram F, et al. 2019 Turkish Hypertension Consensus Report. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi. 2019; 47: 535–546. DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2019.62565
- 106Abaci A, Kozan O, Oguz A, et al. Prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs in primary care units in Turkey: Results from the TURKSAHA study. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2007; 63: 397–402. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-007-0266-8
