Figure 1
A depiction of the semantic ladder illustrating the extent of machine-aided interoperability of semantic resources, loosely based on Dan McCreary’s 2006 presentation (McCreary 2006).
Figure 2
Overview of the harmonization process used in the project and described below.
Table 1
SWEET files addressed during this work.
| SWEET FILE | TOTAL TERMS IN SWEET FILE | CRYOSPHERIC TERMS IN SWEET FILE | GCW TERMS OVERLAPPING WITH SWEET TERMS | GCW + ENVO TERMS OVERLAPPING WITH SWEET TERMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| realmCryo.ttl | 32 | 32 | 12 | 11 |
| phenCryo.ttl | 17 | 17 | 14 | 11 |
| mtrWater.ttl | 41 | 14 | 10 | 9 |
| phenAtmoFog.ttl | 32 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| realmClimateZone.ttl | 24 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| realm.ttl | 20 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| realmOcean.ttl | 26 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| realmSoil.ttl | 34 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| propTime.ttl | 41 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| propSpaceThickness.ttl | 32 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| phenHydro.ttl | 33 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| phenAtmoPrecipitation.ttl | 58 | 15 | 13 | 13 |
| realmLandGlacial.ttl | 18 | 16 | 11 | 8 |
| phenSolid.ttl | 63 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
| Total Terms assessed | 471 | 124 | 81 | 70 |
Figure 3
Term ice fog added to the ENVO ontology using a GCW derived definition showing parallel definition and axioms.
Figure 4
Term ice shelf added to ENVO with numbered differentia and added GCW comments.
Figure 5
A partial ENVO representation of harmonized ‘ice calving process’ terms. Blue boxes represent terms within the ontology, the lines indicate subclass (i.e., is a) and other relationships between terms, while dotted gray boxes indicate that the enclosed terms inherit the relationships from other levels within the ontology.
Figure 6
Match types in the SSSOM created for ENVO and SWEET.
Figure 7
Match types for Lexically Equivalent Strings.
Figure 8
Reasons why lexically equivalent terms were not said to be semantically equivalent.
Table 2
Future harmonization work by Earth and Environmental science domain.
| DOMAIN | DESCRIPTION | WORK DONE TO DATE |
|---|---|---|
| Wildfires | Initial topic under the ESIP Disaster Lifecycle Cluster | Initial vocabulary (boundary, fuels, water sources, causes, wildfire behavior etc.) terms were identified from expert narratives and a conceptual model drafted from a work session. |
| Soils | Work in the Soil ontology and Informatics Cluster | Source glossaries identified. Topics include:
|
| Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) | Attempt to extend existing harmonization with ENVO |
|
| Heliophysics | Long term goal is to create a knowledge commons for heliophysics and Earth sciences | Several sessions have been held at ESIP meetings. Initial target glossaries and terms have been identified and are being loaded into YAMZ.net. A workshop to kick off the glossary harmonization effort is being planned. |
| Earth and Environmental science domains | Adding definitions from other semantic resources (electronic and hardcopy) to SWEET | Match candidates from GCMD, USGS Thesaurus, USGS Lithology terms, CMECS, Marine Planning Data(MPD), and GEneral Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus (GEMET) are currently under review with several others scheduled. |