A Review of Open Research Data Policies and Practices in China

Lili Zhang; Robert R. Downs; Jianhui Li; Liangming Wen; Chengzan Li

doi:10.5334/dsj-2021-003

Figures & Tables

Potential components within an open data ecology and its ecosystem.

Table 1

Key legislations guiding open research data in China.

LEGISLATIONS	ISSUED BY
Measures for Managing Scientific Data (2018)	General Office of the State Council, P.R.C.

Table 2

Examples of disciplinary rules governing research data sharing in China.

SUBJECTS	POLICYMAKER(S) (EFFECTIVE SINCE): POLICY TITLE
Geoscience	State Oceanic Administration, PRC (2018): Measures for Managing Polar Expedition Data of China
Geoscience	Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC (Former Ministry of Land and Resources, PRC) (2010): Interim Measures for Managing Land and Resources Data
Medical and health sciences	National Health Commission, PRC (2018): Interim Provisions on National Health Care Big Data Standards, Safety and Service Management
Meteorology	China Meteorological Administration (2018): Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Data Management Measures (for Trial Implementation)
Meteorology	China Meteorological Administration (2017): Measures for Meteorological Data Exchange and Management
Ocean science	China Oceanic Information Network (2015): Data Sharing and Service Procedures in Marine Ecological Environment Monitoring (for Trial Implementation)
Seismology	China Earthquake Administration (2006): Measures for Managing Seismological Science Data
Space science	State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, PRC; National Development and Reform Commission, PRC; Ministry of finance, PRC (2018): Interim Measures for the Management of National Civil Satellite Remote Sensing Data
Space Science	State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, PRC; China National Space Administration (2016): Measures for Managing Scientific Data in Lunar and Deep Space Exploration

Table 3

Typical cases of program-level rules governing research data sharing in China.

POLICYMAKER(S) (ENACTED SINCE): POLICY TITLE	CONTENTS
NSFC (2015): Measures for the Management of Research Outputs in Projects Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China¹³	PI should collect and reserve the original records with sound manners and submit them to the supporting unit as required, whilst also ensuring the accuracy, completeness and consistency of the scientific data within the report for research outputs…. (Art.9) NSFC shall set up platform(s) for the exchanges of research outputs and ensure the persistency, completeness and openness of research resources. Relying units should share valuable research outputs (i.e. databases, samples, research facilities) gratis or no gratis. (Art.13)
MOST&MOF (2017): Interim Measures for the Administration of National Key R&D Programs¹⁴	Research information disclosure (Art.4). Establishment and implementation of Public Service Platform for National Science and Technology Information System (Art.5) Assign responsibilities of project outcomes application and information sharing to MOST, Program management institutions, PI affiliated institutions et al. (Art. 8/11/12/39)
MOST, NDRC, MOF (2017): Measures for Managing National S &T Major Projects¹⁵	Establishment of an information management platform and sub-branches for major special programs and merged into the National Science and Technology Management Information System (Art.53). Detail definition of “Information contents” in which all research workflow is included (Art.54) together with information security rules (Art.59).
MOST, NDRC, MOF (2017): Administrative Measures for the Opening and Sharing of National Major Scientific Research Infrastructures and Large-scale Scientific Research Instruments¹⁶	Scientific research facilities and equipment should be open to the public …except as otherwise provided by law (Chap.1, Art.5). Responsibilities for managing units to take (i.e. MOST, MOF) to share research facilities as well as to provide guidance for assessment, awards & punishments are addressed in detail (Chap.2 & 4).

Disciplinary distribution of data articles in CSTDATA & GCdataPR.^17,18

Data management and sharing in CAS Scientific Database Program.

Tendency of Yearly NSFC Funding on Data Topics.²²

Landscape of open research data ecology in China.

A Review of Open Research Data Policies and Practices in China

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Paradigm

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