Figure 1
Research project as activity system.
Table 1
Degree of openness at different research cycle stages.
| Research cycle stage | Somus | NMRLP |
|---|---|---|
| Outputs | ||
| Conceptualizing, networking | Public sharing on Jaiku service. | Community sharing on ArXiv and direct e-mail. |
| Proposal writing and design | Public sharing on Jaiku and wiki. | Initial setup private management or collaborative sharing, after that public sharing on the blog and GitHub. |
| Collecting and analyzing | Community sharing: research data shared among research group. | Public sharing on the blog and GitHub. |
| Documenting and sharing | Public sharing on Etherpad and wiki. | Public sharing on the blog. |
| Publishing and reporting | Community sharing through standard toll-access articles, public sharing of the final report. | Community sharing: drafts of articles on GitHub, preprints on ArXiv, finished product in traditional journals. Subject matter unintelligible to most laypersons. |
| Engaging and translating | Public sharing through the social media applications created for case studies. | Public sharing through blog posts and public appearances to promote open science. |
| Infrastructuring | Private management: social media applications co-produced with citizen participants, but all rights remain with consortia institutions, also one proprietary application funded. | Public sharing: data and code shared and licensed openly (GitHub), although not understandable for laypersons. |