Figure 1
The IVOA architecture (Arviset et al. 2010). (top) Schema of the functions fulfilled in the interoperability layer. (bottom) Schema showing the topics dealt with by the IVOA and the recommendations (IVOA standards) relevant to the different topics (blue boxes).
Figure 2
The Materials Innovation Infrastructure (National Science and Technology Council 2014).
Figure 3
Schematic view of the implementation of the CIF data exchange standard (Hall & McMahon 2016). It illustrates how this implementation allows ready interoperability throughout the entire crystal structure determination workflow, from experimental apparatus through data reduction and analysis, model building, publication and database deposition.