Table 1
Demographic characteristics of Vinkhuizen, Groningen in 2020 (Gemeente Groningen 2024).
| Population | Total (N) | 10,977 |
| Male (N, %) | 5,405 (49.2%) | |
| Female (N, %) | 5,572 (50.8%) | |
| Ethnicity (%) | Dutch | 64.9% |
| Occidental | 13.0% | |
| Non-Occidental | 22.1% | |
| Education (% of the neighborhood, compared with % of Groningen in parentheses) | Low | 34% (18%) |
| Medium-high | 45% (43%) | |
| High | 21% (39%) | |
| Average yearly income | €16,200 | |
| Physical activity > 1hour/week (% of the neighborhood, compared with % of Groningen in parentheses) | 49% (59%) |
Figure 1
Six phases of the design thinking process.
Figure 2
(a) Hotspot map integrating neighborhood ratings from all citizen scientists. Icons illustrate positive (green), negative (red), and dual (orange) features; grey icons indicate the photograph was unrated. The red line indicates the neighborhood boundary. (b) Exemplary photos from citizen scientist walks according to rating.
Table 2
Illustrative quotes on neighborhood features derived from Discovery Tool data.
| 😊 Nice rough terrain. It’s fun for kids to climb or build sheds. |
| 😊 Wide sidewalks everywhere. Good for walking or even running. |
| 😊 There’s playing equipment on every square. Excellent! |
| ☹ The tunnel creates a sense of insecurity. |
| ☹ Inaccessible for a walker. Too high. |
| 😊☹ Beautiful place to play. Also a place of vandalism. |
| 😊☹ By day a nice place, in the evening a little grim. Sometimes loitering youth. |
Table 3
Citizen scientist ideas from September 2020 meeting linked to themes.
| IDEA | THEME |
|---|---|
| Walking routes | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
| Bicycle routes | 2, 4 |
| BMX course/pump track | 1, 3 |
| Neighborhood network of waterways | 1, 3, 4 |
| Improving parks and greenery | 1, 2 |
| Stimulate fishing | 1 |
| Table tennis | 3 |
| Outdoor fitness | 3 |
| Neighborhood watch | 5 |
| Accessibility | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
Table 4
Preferences for the walking route.
| Theme | Art | |
| History | ||
| Nature | Trees | |
| Wildflowers/plants | ||
| Water | ||
| Pretty gardens | ||
| Parks | ||
| Sport and physical activity | ||
| Architecture | ||
| Barefoot path | ||
| Adventurous | ||
| Environment | Nature | Green |
| Water | ||
| Variation | Nature | |
| Asphalt/Sidewalks | ||
| All around the neighborhood | ||
| A little outside the neighborhood | ||
| Accessibility | Accessible for the handicapped | |
| Accessible for wheelchairs or strollers | ||
| Wide paths | ||
| Safety | Good paths (not slippery) | |
| Quiet paths (no busy streets) | ||
| Visibility | Good signage | Poles |
| Stickers | ||
| Tiles | ||
| Plates | ||
| Painting | ||
| Map | ||
| App | ||
| General | Background information | |
| Informative | ||
| Game elements | ||
| Benches along the route | ||
| Route booklet | ||
| Online routes | ||
| Rest points | ||
| Water taps |
Figure 3
(a) Art route marking and (b) art route map.