References
- 1Aceves-Bueno, E., Adeleye, A.S., Feraud, M., Huang, Y., Tao, M., Yang, Y., and Anderson, S.E. (2017) The accuracy of citizen science data: a quantitative review. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 98(4), pp. 278–290. DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1336
- 2Bates, D., Maechler, M., and Maechler, M.M. (2017) Package ‘Matrix’. R package version, 1–2.
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Matrix . - 3Batista Matos, M.C., Sousa-Souto, L., Almeida, R.S., and Teodoro, A.V. (2013) Contrasting Patterns of Species Richness and Composition of Solitary Wasps and Bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) According to Land-use. Biotropica, 45, pp. 73–79. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00886.x
- 4Billaud, O., Vermeersch, R.L., and Porcher, E. (2021) Citizen science involving farmers as a means to document temporal trends in farmland biodiversity and relate them to agricultural practices. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58(2), pp. 261–273. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13746
- 5Boes, V.C. (2021) Aktuelle rechtliche Entwicklungen im Artenschutz–Volksbegehren Artenvielfalt in Niedersachsen und EU-Vertragsverletzungsverfahren gegen Deutschland. Natur und Recht, 43, pp. 32–36. DOI: 10.1007/s10357-020-3788-9
- 6Bonney, R., Cooper, C.B., Dickinson, J., Kelling, S., Phillips, T., Rosenberg, K.V., and Shirk, J. (2009) Citizen science: a developing tool for expanding science knowledge and scientific literacy. BioScience, 59(11), pp. 977–984. DOI: 10.1525/bio.2009.59.11.9
- 7Brooks, M.E., Kristensen, K., Van Benthem, K.J., Magnusson, A., Berg, C.W., Nielsen, A., Skaug, H.J., Mächler, M., and Bolker, B.M. (2017) glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling. The R journal, 9(2), pp. 378–400. DOI: 10.32614/RJ-2017-066
- 8Comont, R.F., and Dickinson, H. (2022)
BeeWalk 10-Year Report . Bumblebee Conservation Trust, Stirling, UK. - 9Conrad, C.C., and Hilchey, K.G. (2011) A review of citizen science and community-based environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 176, pp. 273–291. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1582-5
- 10Deguines, N., Princé, K., Prévot, A.C., and Fontaine, B. (2020) Assessing the emergence of pro-biodiversity practices in citizen scientists of a backyard butterfly survey. Science of the Total Environment, 716, pp. 136842. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136842
- 11Díaz, S., Settele, J., Brondízio, E.S., Ngo, H.T., Agard, J., Arneth, A., Balvanera, P., Brauman, K.A., Butchart, S.H.M., Chan, K.M.A., Garibaldi, L., Ichii, K., Liu, J., Subramanian, S.M., Midgley, G.F., Miloslavich, P., Molnar, Z., Obura, D., Pfaff, A., Polasky, S., Purvis, A., Razzaque, J., Reyer, B., Chowdhury, R.R., Shin, Y.J., Visseren-Hamakers, I., Willis, K.J., and Zayas, C.N. (2019) Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change. Science, 366(6471), pp.
eaax3100 . DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3100 - 12Domroese, M.C., and Johnson, E.A. (2017) Why watch bees? Motivations of citizen science volunteers in the Great Pollinator Project. Biological Conservation, 208, pp. 40–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.020
- 13European Commission (2018) EU Pollinators Initiative. Available at
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/pollinators/policy_en.htm [Last accessed 27 October 2022]. - 14Everaars, J., Settele, J., and Dormann, C.F. (2018) Fragmentation of nest and foraging habitat affects time budgets of solitary bees, their fitness and pollination services, depending on traits: results from an individual-based model. PloS one, 13(2),
e0188269 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188269 - 15Falk, S., Foster, G., Comont, R., Conroy, J., Bostock, H., Salisbury, A., Kilbey, D., Benett, J., and Smith, B. (2019) Evaluating the ability of citizen scientists to identify bumblebee (Bombus) species. PLoS One, 14(6),
e0218614 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218614 - 16Flaminio, S., Ranalli, R., Zavatta, L., Galloni, M., and Bortolotti, L. (2021) Beewatching: a project for monitoring bees through photos. Insects, 12(9), pp. 841. DOI: 10.3390/insects12090841
- 17Fox, J., Weisberg, S., Price, B., Adler, D., Bates, D., Baud-Bovy, G., and Bolker, B. (2019) car: Companion to Applied Regression. R package version 3.0–3.
https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/ - 18Gathmann, A.C.H.I.M., & Tscharntke, T.E.J.A. (1999) Landschaftsbewertung mit Bienen und Wespen in Nisthilfen: Artenspektrum, Interaktionen und Bestimmungsschlüssel. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Württemberg, 73, pp. 277–305.
- 19German Federal Ministry for the Environment, N.C. (2021)
Aktionsprogramm Insektenschutz . Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection. Available athttps://www.bmuv.de/gesetz/gesetzentwurf-eines-dritten-gesetzes-zur-aenderung-des-bundesnaturschutzgesetzes [Last accessed 07 October 2022]. - 20Graves, S., Piepho, H.P., and Selzer, M.L. (2015) Package ‘multcompView’. Visualizations of paired comparisons.
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=multcompView - 21Hallmann, C.A., Sorg, M., Jongejans, E., Siepel, H., Hofland, N., Schwan, H., Stenmans, W., Müller, A., Sumser, H., Hörren, t., Goulson, D., and De Kroon, H. (2017) More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PloS one, 12(10), pp.
e0185809 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185809 - 22Kelling, S., Johnston, A., Bonn, A., Fink, D., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Bonney, R., Fernandez, M., Hochachka, W.M., Julliard, R., Kraemer, R., and Guralnick, R. (2019) Using semistructured surveys to improve citizen science data for monitoring biodiversity. BioScience, 69(3), pp. 170–179. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz010
- 23Kosmala, M., Wiggins, A., Swanson, A., and Simmons, B. (2016) Assessing data quality in citizen science. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14(10), pp. 551–560. DOI: 10.1002/fee.1436
- 24Krack, K., and Oberholzer, G. (2020) » Rettet die Bienen «–Das Ergebnis des Bayerischen Volksbegehrens (Teil I von III). ZfV-Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement, (zfv 6/2020). DOI: 10.12902/zfv-0327-2020
- 25Kremen, C., Ullman, K.S., and Thorp, R.W. (2011) Evaluating the quality of citizen-scientist data on pollinator communities. Conservation Biology, 25(3), pp. 607–617. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01657.x
- 26Kuhn, M., Wing, J., Weston, S., Williams, A., Keefer, C., Engelhardt, A., Cooper, t., Mayer, Z., and Kenkel, B. (2020)
caret: Classification and Regression Training . R package version 6.0–86. Astrophysics Source Code Library: Cambridge, MA, USA 223:7.https://github.com/topepo/caret/ - 27Leisch, F., and Dimitriadou, E. (2010) Machine learning benchmark problems. R Package, mlbench, 2(1).
- 28Lenth, R.V. (2021) Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means [R Package Emmeans Version 1.6. 0]. Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).
https://cran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2021-10-25/web/packages/emmeans/index.html - 29Lindermann, L., Grabener, S., Fornoff, F., Hopfenmüller, S., Schiele, S., Stahl, J., Dieker, P. (2023)
Wildbienen und Wespen in Nisthilfen bestimmen. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel für Deutschland . Ratgeber, Thünen-Institut. DOI: 10.3220/MX1685523077000 - 30MacIvor, J.S. (2017) Cavity-nest boxes for solitary bees: a century of design and research. Apidologie, 48, pp. 311–327. DOI: 10.1007/s13592-016-0477-z
- 31Maher, S., Manco, F., and Ings, T.C. (2019) Using citizen science to examine the nesting ecology of ground-nesting bees. Ecosphere, 10(10),
e02911 . DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2911 - 32Mason, L., and Arathi, H.S. (2019) Assessing the efficacy of citizen scientists monitoring native bees in urban areas. Global Ecology and Conservation, 17,
e00561 . DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00561 - 33Meschini, M., Prati, F., Simoncini, G.A., Airi, V., Caroselli, E., Prada, F., Marchini, C., Machado Toffolo, M., Branchini, S., and Brambilla, V. (2021) Environmental awareness gained during a citizen science project in touristic resorts is maintained after 3 years since participation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, pp. 92. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.584644
- 34Perry, J.R., Sumner, S., Thompson, C., and Hart, A.G. (2021) ‘Citizen identification’: online learning supports highly accurate species identification for insect-focussed citizen science. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 14(6), pp. 862–867. DOI: 10.1111/icad.12528
- 35Peter, M., Diekötter, T., Höffler, T., and Kremer, K. (2021) Biodiversity citizen science: Outcomes for the participating citizens. People and Nature, 3(2), pp. 294–311. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10193
- 36Peters, B., Gao, Z., and Zumkier, U. (2016) Large-scale monitoring of effects of clothianidin-dressed oilseed rape seeds on pollinating insects in Northern Germany: effects on red mason bees (Osmia bicornis). Ecotoxicology, 25(9), pp. 1679–1690. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1729-4
- 37Potts, S., Dauber, J., Hochkirch, A., Oteman, B., Roy, D., Ahnre, K., Biesmeijer, K., Breeze, T., Carvell, C., Ferreira, C., Fitzpatrick, Ú., Isaac, N., Kuussaari, M., Ljubomirov, T., Maes, J., Ngo, H., Pardo, A., Polce, C., Quaranta, M., Settele, J., Sorg, M., Stefanescu, C., and Vujic, A. (2021) Proposal for an EU pollinator monitoring scheme, EUR 30416 EN. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. DOI: 10.2760/881843
- 38Powney, G.D., Carvell, C., Edwards, M., Morris, R.K., Roy, H.E., Woodcock, B.A., and Isaac, N.J. (2019) Widespread losses of pollinating insects in Britain. Nature communications, 10(1), 1–6. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08974-9
- 39Pyle, R., Bentzien, M., and Opler, P. (1981) Insect conservation. Annual Review of Entomology, 26(1), pp. 233–258. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.26.010181.001313
- 40R Core Team. (2020)
R: A language and environment for statistical computing . R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.https://www.R-project.org/ - 41Rotman, D., Hammock, J., Preece, J., Hansen, D., Boston, C., Bowser, A., and He, Y. (2014) Motivations affecting initial and long-term participation in citizen science projects in three countries. IConference 2014 Proceedings. DOI: 10.9776/14054
- 42Samways, M.J. (2007) Insect conservation: a synthetic management approach. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 52, pp. 465–487. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091317
- 43Samways, M.J. (2018)
Insect conservation for the twenty-first century . Insect science-diversity, conservation and nutrition. IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.73864 - 44Santaoja, M. (2022) Insect Affects: A Study on the Motivations of Amateur Entomologists and Implications for Citizen Science. Science & Technology Studies, 35(1), pp. 58–79. DOI: 10.23987/sts.107703
- 45Schmeller, D.S., Henry, P.Y., Julliard, R., Gruber, B., Clobert, J., Dziock, F., Lengyel, S., Nowicki, P., Deri, E., Budrys, E., Kull, T., Tali, K., Bauch, B., Settele, J., Van Swaay, C., Kobler, A., Babij, V., Papastergiadou, E., and Henle, K. (2009) Advantages of volunteer-based biodiversity monitoring in Europe. Conservation biology, 23(2), pp. 307–316. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01125.x
- 46Serret, H., Deguines, N., Jang, Y., Lois, G., and Julliard, R. (2019) Data quality and participant engagement in citizen science: comparing two approaches for monitoring pollinators in France and South Korea. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 4(1), 22. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.200
- 47Settele, J., Kühn, I., Feldmann, R., and Kühn, E. (2008) Wie gewinnt die entomologische Forschung mehr Sichtbarkeit und Akzeptanz? – Das Zusammenspiel von internationalen Projekten, nationalen Initiativen (TMD), lokaler Freilandforschung und damit verbundener Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Entomologie heute, 20, pp. 227–244
- 48Sickel, W., Kulow, J., Krüger, L., and Dieker, P. (2023) BEE-quest of the nest: A novel method for eDNA-based, nonlethal detection of cavity-nesting hymenopterans and other arthropods. Environmental DNA, 5, pp. 1163–1176. DOI: 10.1002/edn3.490
- 49Staab, M., Pufal, G., Tscharntke, T., and Klein, A.M. (2018) Trap nests for bees and wasps to analyse trophic interactions in changing environments—A systematic overview and user guide. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(11), pp. 2226–2239. DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.13070
- 50Steffan-Dewenter, I., and Schiele, S. (2008) Do resources or natural enemies drive bee population dynamics in fragmented habitats. Ecology, 89(5), 1375–1387. DOI: 10.1890/06-1323.1
- 51Stevenson, S.L., Watermeyer, K., Caggiano, G., Fulton, E.A., Ferrier, S., and Nicholson, E. (2021) Matching biodiversity indicators to policy needs. Conservation Biology, 35(2), pp. 522–532. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13575
- 52Thuenen Institute, Johann Heinrich von Thuenen, Institute of Biodiversity (2023) Wildbienenmonitoring in Agrarlandschaften, 2023. Available at
https://wildbienen.thuenen.de/ [Last accessed 04 August 2023]. - 53Tinati, R., Luczak-Roesch, M., Simperl, E., and Hall, W. (2017) An investigation of player motivations in Eyewire, a gamified citizen science project. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, pp. 527–540. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.074
- 54Toomey, A.H., and Domroese, M.C. (2013) Can citizen science lead to positive conservation attitudes and behaviors? Human Ecology Review, 20(1), pp. 50–62.
- 55Von Königslöw, V., Klein, A.M., Staab, M., and Pufal, G. (2019) Benchmarking nesting aids for cavity-nesting bees and wasps. Biodiversity and Conservation, 28(14), pp. 3831–3849. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-019-01853-1
- 56Wagner, D.L., Grames, E.M., Forister, M.L., Berenbaum, M.R., and Stopak, D. (2021) Insect decline in the Anthropocene: Death by a thousand cuts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2),
e2023989118 . DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023989118 - 57Westphal, C., Bommarco, R., Carré, G., Lamborn, E., Morison, N., Petanidou, T., Potts, S.G., Roberts, S.P.M., Szentgyörgyi, H., Tscheulin, T., and Steffan-Dewenter, I. (2008) Measuring bee diversity in different European habitats and biogeographical regions. Ecological monographs, 78(4), 653–671. DOI: 10.1890/07-1292.1
- 58Wickham, H., Chang, W., and Wickham, M.H. (2016) Package ‘ggplot2’. Create elegant data visualisations using the grammar of graphics. Version 2.1, pp. 1–189. http://ggplot2.org,
https://github.com/hadley/ggplot2 . DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4_9
