References
- 1Alender, B. 2016. Understanding volunteer motivations to participate in citizen science projects: A deeper look at water quality monitoring. Journal of Science Communication, 15(3):
A04 . Available at:jcom.sissa.it/archive/15/03/JCOM_1503_2016_A04 [Last accessed 8 Aug 2017]. DOI: 10.22323/2.15030204 - 2Andereck, K, McGehee, NG, Lee, S and Clemmons, D. 2012. Experience Expectations of Prospective Volunteer Tourists. Journal of Travel Research, 51(2): 130–141. DOI: 10.1177/0047287511400610
- 3Baruch, A, May, A and Yu, D. 2016. The motivations, enablers and barriers for voluntary participation in an online crowdsourcing platform. Computers in Human Behavior, 64: 923–931. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.039
- 4Bell, S, Marzano, M, Cent, J, Kobierska, H, Podjed, D, Vandzinskaite, D, et al. 2008. What counts? Volunteers and their organisations in the recording and monitoring of biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(14): 3443–3454. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-008-9357-9
- 5Bonney, R, Ballard, H, Jordan, R, McCallie, E, Philips, T, Shirk, J, et al. 2009a.
Public Participation in Scientific Research: Defining the Field and Assessing Its Potential for Informal Science Education . A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. Washington, DC: Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE). Available at:www.birds.cornell.edu/citscitoolkit/publications/ [Last accessed 9 Aug 2017]. - 6Bonney, R, Cooper, CB, Dickinson, J, Kelling, S, Phillips, T, Rosenberg, KV, et al. 2009b. Citizen Science: A Developing Tool for Expanding Science Knowledge and Scientific Literacy. BioScience, 59(11): 977–984. DOI: 10.1525/bio.2009.59.11.9
- 7Bowser, A, Hansen, D, He, Y, Boston, C, Reid, M, Gunnell, L, et al. 2013. Using gamification to inspire new citizen science volunteers. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications. Toronto, Canada on
02–04 October 2013 . 18–25. DOI: 10.1145/2583008.2583011 - 8British Psychological Society. 2014. Code of Human Research Ethics. Leicester, United Kingdom. Available at:
bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-human-research-ethics-2nd-edition-2014 [Last accessed 19 June 2018]. - 9Brossard, D, Lewenstein, B and Bonney, R. 2005. Scientific knowledge and attitude change: The impact of a citizen science project. International Journal of Science Education, 27(9): 1099–1121. DOI: 10.1080/09500690500069483
- 10Bruyere, B and Rappe, S. 2007. Identifying the motivations of environmental volunteers. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 50(4): 503–516. DOI: 10.1080/09640560701402034
- 11Budhathoki, NR and Haythornthwaite, C. 2012. Motivation for Open Collaboration: Crowd and Community Models and the Case of OpenStreetMap. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(5): 548–575. DOI: 10.1177/0002764212469364
- 12Cappa, F, Laut, J, Nov, O, Giustiniano, L and Porfiri, M. 2016. Activating social strategies: Face-to-face interaction in technology-mediated citizen science. Journal of Environmental Management, 182: 374–384. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.092
- 13Carballo-Cárdenas, EC and Tobi, H. 2016. Citizen science regarding invasive lionfish in Dutch Caribbean MPAs: Drivers and barriers to participation. Ocean & Coastal Management, 133: 114–127. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.09.014
- 14Causer, T and Wallace, V. 2012. Building A Volunteer Community: Results and Findings from Transcribe Bentham. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 6(2). Available at:
http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/6/2/000125/000125.html [Last accessed 22 Aug 2017]. - 15Cooper, S, Khatib, F, Treuille, A, Barbero, J, Lee, J, Beenen, M, et al. 2010. Predicting protein structures with a multiplayer online game. Nature, 466(7307): 756–760. DOI: 10.1038/nature09304
- 16Curtis, V. 2015. Motivation to Participate in an Online Citizen Science Game: A Study of Foldit. Science Communication, 37(6): 723–746. DOI: 10.1177/1075547015609322
- 17Dickinson, JL and Bonney, R. (eds.) 2012.
Citizen science: public participation in environmental research . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9780801449116.001.0001 - 18Dickinson, JL, Shirk, J, Bonter, D, Bonney, R, Crain, RL, Martin, J, et al. 2012. The current state of citizen science as a tool for ecological research and public engagement. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10(6): 291–297. DOI: 10.1890/110236
- 19Domroese, MC and Johnson, EA. 2017. Why watch bees? Motivations of citizen science volunteers in the Great Pollinator Project. Biological Conservation, 208: 40–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.020
- 20Druschke, CG and Seltzer, CE. 2012. Failures of Engagement: Lessons Learned from a Citizen Science Pilot Study. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 11(3–4): 178–188. DOI: 10.1080/1533015X.2012.777224
- 21Eitzel, MV, Cappadonna, JL, Santos-Lang, C, Duerr, RE, Virapongse, A, West, SE, et al. 2017. Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 2(1): 1. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.96
- 22European Citizen Science Association (ECSA). 2015. Ten principles of citizen science. London, United Kingdom. Available at:
ecsa.citizen-science.net/sites/default/files/ecsa_ten_principles_of_citizen_science.pdf [Last accessed 6 Sep 2017]. - 23European Commission. n.d. Data protection in the EU. Available at:
ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection/data-protection-eu_en [Last accessed 7 Jan 2019]. - 24Evans, C, Abrams, E, Reitsma, R, Roux, K, Salmonsen, L and Marra, PP. 2005. The Neighborhood Nestwatch Program: Participant Outcomes of a Citizen-Science Ecological Research Project. Conservation Biology, 19(3): 589–594. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00s01.x
- 25Eveleigh, A, Jennet, C, Blandford, A, Brohan, P and Cox, AL. 2014. Designing for dabblers and deterring drop-outs in citizen science. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Toronto, Canada on
26 April – 01 May 2014 . 2985–2994 DOI: 10.1145/2556288.2557262 - 26Fernandez, CV, Kodish, E and Weijer, C. 2003. Informing study participants of research results: An ethical imperative. IRB: Ethics and Human Research, 25(3): 12–19. Available at:
jstor.org/stable/3564300 [Last accessed 6 Sep 2017]. DOI: 10.2307/3564300 - 27Ferster, CJ, Coops, NC, Harshaw, HW, Kozak, RA and Meitner, MJ. 2013. An Exploratory Assessment of a Smartphone Application for Public Participation in Forest Fuels Measurement in the Wildland-Urban Interface. Forests, 4(4): 1199–1219. DOI: 10.3390/f4041199
- 28Franzoni, C and Sauermann, H. 2014. Crowd science: The organization of scientific research in open collaborative projects. Research Policy, 43(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2013.07.005
- 29Ganzevoort, W and van den Born, RJG. 2016. Citizen scientists: Een onderzoek naar de motivaties en visies op data delen van vrijwillige natuurwaarnemers (translation: ‘Citizen scientists: A study on the motivations and opinions on sharing data of biodiversity monitoring volunteers’). Nijmegen, the Netherlands: Radboud University. Available at:
repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/158136 [Last accessed 8 Aug 2017]. - 30Ganzevoort, W, van den Born, RJG, Halffman, W and Turnhout, S. 2017. Sharing biodiversity data: citizen scientists’ concerns and motivations. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(12): 2821–2837. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-017-1391-z
- 31Goh, DH and Lee, CS. 2011. Perceptions, quality and motivational needs in image tagging human computation games. Journal of Information Science, 37(5): 515–531. DOI: 10.1177/0165551511417786
- 32Haywood, BK. 2016. Beyond Data Points and Research Contributions: The Personal Meaning and Value Associated with Public Participation in Scientific Research. International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 6(3): 239–262. DOI: 10.1080/21548455.2015.1043659
- 33Hobbs, SJ and White, PCL. 2012. Motivations and barriers in relation to community participation in biodiversity recording. Journal for Nature Conservation, 20(6): 364–373. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2012.08.002
- 34Iacovides, I, Jennet, C, Cornish-Trestrail, C and Cox, AL. 2013. Do Games Attract or Sustain Engagement in Citizen Science? A Study of Volunteer Motivations. In: CHI ‘13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Paris, France on
27 April–02 May 2013 . 1101–1106. DOI: 10.1145/2468356.2468553 - 35Jennet, C, Kloetzer, L, Schneider, D, Iacovides, I, Cox, AL, Gold, M, et al. 2016. Motivations, learning and creativity in online citizen science. Journal of Science Communication, 15(3):
A05 . Available at:jcom.sissa.it/archive/15/03/JCOM_1503_2016_A05 [Last accessed 22 Aug 2017]. DOI: 10.22323/2.15030205 - 36Jordan, RC, Gray, SA, Howe, DV, Brooks, RW and Ehrenfeld, JG. 2011. Knowledge Gain and Behavioral Change in Citizen-Science Programs. Conservation Biology, 25(6): 1148–1154. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01745.x
- 37Jung, JH, Schneider, C and Valacich, J. 2010. Enhancing the Motivational Affordance of Information Systems: The Effects of Real-Time Performance Feedback and Goal Setting in Group Collaboration Environments. Management Science, 56(4): 724–742. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.1090.1129
- 38Krebs, V. 2010. Motivations of cybervolunteers in an applied distributed computing environment: Malariacontrol.net as an example. First Monday, 15(2). Available at:
firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2783 [Last accessed 9 Aug 2017]. DOI: 10.5210/fm.v15i2.2783 - 39Kullenberg, C and Kasperowski, D. 2016. What Is Citizen Science? – A Scientometric Meta-Analysis. PLoS One, 11(1):
e0147152 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147152 - 40Land-Zandstra, AM, Beusekom, MM, van Koppeschaar, CE and van den Broek, JM. 2016a. Motivation and learning impact of Dutch flu-trackers. Journal of Science Communication, 15(1): A04. Available at:
jcom.sissa.it/archive/15/01/JCOM_1501_2016_A04 [Last accessed 4 Aug 2017]. - 41Land-Zandstra, AM, Devilee, JLA, Snik, F, Buurmeijer, F and van den Broek, JM. 2016b. Citizen science on a smartphone: Participants’ motivations and learning. Public Understanding of Science, 25(1): 45–60. DOI: 10.1177/0963662515602406
- 42Martin, V, Smith, L, Bowling, A, Christidis, L, Lloyd, D and Pecl, G. 2016. Citizens as Scientists: What Influences Public Contributions to Marine Research? Science Communication, 38(4): 495–522. DOI: 10.1177/1075547016656191
- 43Martin, VY. 2017. Citizen Science as a Means for Increasing Public Engagement in Science: Presumption or Possibility. Science Communication, 39(2): 142–168. DOI: 10.1177/1075547017696165
- 44Nov, O, Arazy, O and Anderson, D. 2014. Scientists@Home: What Drives the Quantity and Quality of Online Citizen Science Participation? PloS ONE, 9(4):
e90375 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090375 - 45Price, CA and Lee, H. 2013. Changes in Participants’ Scientific Attitudes and Epistemological Beliefs During an Astronomical Citizen Science Project. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(7): 773–801. DOI: 10.1002/tea.21090
- 46Raddick, MJ, Bracey, G, Gay, PL, Lintott, CJ, Cardamone, C, Murray, P, et al. 2013. Galazy Zoo: Motivations of Citizen Scientists. Astronomy Education Review, 12(1). DOI: 10.3847/AER2011021
- 47Raddick, MJ, Bracey, G, Gay, PL, Lintott, CJ, Murray, P, Schawinski, K, et al. 2010. Galaxy Zoo: Exploring the Motivations of Citizen Science Volunteers. Astronomy Education Review, 9(1). DOI: 10.3847/AER2009036
- 48Riesch, H, Potter, C and Davies, L. 2013. Combining citizen science and public engagement: The Open AirLaboratories Programme. Journal of Science Communication, 12(3): A03. Available at:
jcom.sissa.it/archive/12/3-4/JCOM1203%282013%29A03 [Last accessed 22 Aug 2017]. DOI: 10.22323/2.12030203 - 49Rotman, D, Hammock, J, Preece, J, Hansen, D, Boston, C, Bowser, A, et al. 2014. Motivations Affecting Initial and Long-Term Participation in Citizen Science Projects in Three Countries. In: iConference 2014 Proceedings. Berlin, Germany on
04–07 March 2014 . 110–124. DOI: 10.9776/14054 - 50Rotman, D, Preece, J, Hammock, J, Procita, K, Hansen, D, Parr, C, et al. 2012. Dynamic changes in motivation in collaborative citizen-science projects. In: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Seattle, WA on
11–15 February 2012 . 217–226. DOI: 10.1145/2145204.2145238 - 51Sales, BD and Folkman, S. 2014. Ethics in Research With Human Participants. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- 52See, L, Mooney, P, Foody, G, Bastin, L, Comber, A, Estima, J, et al. 2016. Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science or Volunteered Geographic Information? The Current State of Crowdsourced Geographic Information. International Journal of Geo-Information, 5(5): 55. DOI: 10.3390/ijgi5050055
- 53Seeberger, A. 2014.
There’s No Such Thing as Free Labor: Evaluating Citizen Science Volunteer Motivations . Master thesis, University of Colorado. University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Graduate Theses & Dissertations. 15. Available at:scholar.colorado.edu/cumuse_gradetds/15 [Last accessed 22 Aug 2017]. - 54Shalowitz, DI and Miller, FG. 2008. The search for clarity in communicating research results to study participants. Research Ethics, 34(9):
e17 . DOI: 10.1136/jme.2008.025122 - 55Tinati, R, Luczak-Roesch, M, Simperl, E and Hall, W. 2017. An investigation of player motivations in Eyewire, a gamified citizen science project. Computers in Human Behavior, 73: 527–540. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.074
- 56Tulloch, AIT, Possingham, HP, Joseph, LN, Szabo, J and Martin, TG. 2013. Realising the full potential of citizen science monitoring programs. Biological Conservation, 165: 128–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.025
- 57Vroom, V. H. 1964. Work and motivation. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
- 58Weerts, DJ and Ronca, JM. 2007. Profiles of Supportive Alumni: Donors, Volunteers, and Those Who “Do It All”. International Journal of Educational Advancement, 7(1): 20–34. DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.ijea.2150044
- 59West, S and Pateman, R. 2016. Recruiting and Retaining Participants in Citizen Science: What Can Be Learned from the Volunteering Literature? Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 1(2): 15. DOI: 10.5334/cstp.8
