References
- 1Adams, R. A., Huys, Q. J. M., & Roiser, J. P. (2015). Computational Psychiatry: Towards a mathematically informed understanding of mental illness. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, jnnp-2015-310737. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-310737
- 2Alkozei, A., Creswell, C., Cooper, P. J., & Allen, J. J. B. (2015). Autonomic arousal in childhood anxiety disorders: Associations with state anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 25–33. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.056
- 3Bates, T. C. (2015). The glass is half full and half empty: A population-representative twin study testing if optimism and pessimism are distinct systems. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(6), 533–542. 10.1080/17439760.2015.1015155
- 4Bateson, M., Desire, S., Gartside, S. E., & Wright, G. A. (2011). Agitated Honeybees Exhibit Pessimistic Cognitive Biases. Current Biology, 21(12), 1070–1073. 10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.017
- 5Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Dancu, C. V. (1985). Physiological, cognitive and behavioral aspects of social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(2), 109–117. 10.1016/0005-7967(85)90019-1
- 6Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). Does optimism act as a buffer against posttraumatic stress over time? A longitudinal study of the protective role of optimism after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(2), 207–213. 10.1037/tra0000188
- 7Bottemanne, H., Morlaas, O., Claret, A., Sharot, T., Fossati, P., & Schmidt, L. (2022). Evaluation of Early Ketamine Effects on Belief-Updating Biases in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(11), 1124–1132. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2996
- 8Browning, M., Paulus, M., & Huys, Q. J. M. (2023). What is Computational Psychiatry Good For? Biological Psychiatry, 93(8), 658–660. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.030
- 9Brydon, L., Walker, C., Wawrzyniak, A. J., Chart, H., & Steptoe, A. (2009). Dispositional optimism and stress-induced changes in immunity and negative mood. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 23(6), 810–816. 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.018
- 10Buchanan, A., Flouri, E., & Ten Brinke, J. (2002). Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Childhood and Distress in Adult Life: Risk and Protective Factors. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(4), 521–527. 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01048.x
- 11Cohen, F., Kearney, K. A., Zegans, L. S., Kemeny, M. E., Neuhaus, J. M., & Stites, D. P. (1999). Differential Immune System Changes with Acute and Persistent Stress for Optimists vs Pessimists. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 13(2), 155–174. 10.1006/brbi.1998.0531
- 12Conversano, C., Rotondo, A., Lensi, E., Della Vista, O., Arpone, F., & Reda, M. A. (2010). Optimism and Its Impact on Mental and Physical Well-Being. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH, 6, 25–29. 10.2174/1745017901006010025
- 13Cooper, J. A., Arulpragasam, A. R., & Treadway, M. T. (2018). Anhedonia in depression: Biological mechanisms and computational models. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 22, 128–135. 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.024
- 14Curzytek, K., Kubera, M., Trojan, E., Wójcik, K., Basta-Kaim, A., Detka, J., Maes, M., & Rygula, R. (2018). The effects of pessimism on cell-mediated immunity in rats. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 80, 295–303. 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.034
- 15de Ridder, D., Fournier, M., & Bensing, J. (2004). Does optimism affect symptom report in chronic disease?: What are its consequences for self-care behaviour and physical functioning? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(3), 341–350. 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00034-5
- 16Fisher, E. L., & Hohwy, J. (2024). The Universal Optimism of the Self-Evidencing Mind. Entropy, 26(6), Article 6. 10.3390/e26060518
- 17Fisher, E. L., Smith, R., Corcoran, A. W., Milton, L. K., Conn, K., Hohwy, J., & Foldi, C. J. (2024). Psilocybin increases optimistic engagement over time: Computational modelling of behavior in rats (p. 2024.05.16.594614). bioRxiv. 10.1101/2024.05.16.594614
- 18Friston, K. (2022). Computational psychiatry: From synapses to sentience. Molecular Psychiatry. 10.1038/s41380-022-01743-z
- 19Friston, K. J., & Stephan, K. E. (2007). Free-energy and the brain. Synthese, 159(3), 417–458. 10.1007/s11229-007-9237-y
- 20Garrett, N., Sharot, T., Faulkner, P., Korn, C. W., Roiser, J. P., & Dolan, R. J. (2014). Losing the rose tinted glasses: Neural substrates of unbiased belief updating in depression. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8.
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00639 . 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00639 - 21Goldway, N., Eldar, E., Shoval, G., & Hartley, C. A. (2023). Computational Mechanisms of Addiction and Anxiety: A Developmental Perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 93(8), 739–750. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.004
- 22Heinonen, K., Räikkönen, K., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2005). Dispositional optimism: Development over 21 years from the perspectives of perceived temperament and mothering. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(2), 425–435. 10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.020
- 23Heinonen, K., Räikkönen, K., Matthews, K. A., Scheier, M. F., Raitakari, O. T., Pulkki, L., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2006). Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood: Associations With Dispositional Optimism and Pessimism Over a 21-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Personality, 74(4), 1111–1126. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00404.x
- 24Hobbs, C., Vozarova, P., Sabharwal, A., Shah, P., & Button, K. (2022). Is depression associated with reduced optimistic belief updating? Royal Society Open Science, 9(2), 190814. 10.1098/rsos.190814
- 25Houthooft, R., Chen, X., Duan, Y., Schulman, J., De Turck, F., & Abbeel, P. (2017). VIME: Variational Information Maximizing Exploration (arXiv:1605.09674). arXiv. 10.48550/arXiv.1605.09674
- 26Huys, Q. J. M., Maia, T. V., & Frank, M. J. (2016). Computational psychiatry as a bridge from neuroscience to clinical applications. Nature Neuroscience, 19(3), Article 3. 10.1038/nn.4238
- 27Iki, S., & Adachi, I. (2023). Fearful snake pictures make monkeys pessimistic. iScience, 26(9), 107622. 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107622
- 28Karvelis, P., Paulus, M. P., & Diaconescu, A. O. (2023). Individual differences in computational psychiatry: A review of current challenges. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 148, 105137. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105137
- 29Korn, C. W., Sharot, T., Walter, H., Heekeren, H. R., & Dolan, R. J. (2014). Depression is related to an absence of optimistically biased belief updating about future life events. Psychological Medicine, 44(3), 579–592. 10.1017/S0033291713001074
- 30Krittanawong, C., Maitra, N. S., Hassan Virk, H. U., Fogg, S., Wang, Z., Kaplin, S., Gritsch, D., Storch, E. A., Tobler, P. N., Charney, D. S., & Levine, G. N. (2022). Association of Optimism with Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The American Journal of Medicine, 135(7), 856–863.e2. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.12.023
- 31Kube, T., & Rozenkrantz, L. (2021). When Beliefs Face Reality: An Integrative Review of Belief Updating in Mental Health and Illness. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(2), 247–274. 10.1177/1745691620931496
- 32Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2013). The relation between valence and arousal in subjective experience. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 917–940. 10.1037/a0030811
- 33Lagisz, M., Zidar, J., Nakagawa, S., Neville, V., Sorato, E., Paul, E. S., Bateson, M., Mendl, M., & Løvlie, H. (2020). Optimism, pessimism and judgement bias in animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 118, 3–17. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.012
- 34Lee, E., Jayasinghe, N., Swenson, C., & Dams-O’Connor, K. (2019). Dispositional optimism and cognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 33(8), 985–990. 10.1080/02699052.2019.1606448
- 35Littman, M. L. (2009). A tutorial on partially observable Markov decision processes. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53(3), 119–125. 10.1016/j.jmp.2009.01.005
- 36Montague, P. R., Dolan, R. J., Friston, K. J., & Dayan, P. (2012). Computational psychiatry. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(1), 72–80. 10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.018
- 37Moore, K. A., & Ramirez, N. A. (2016). Adverse Childhood Experience and Adolescent Well-being: Do Protective Factors Matter? Child Indicators Research, 9(2), 299–316. 10.1007/s12187-015-9324-4
- 38Mosing, M. A., Zietsch, B. P., Shekar, S. N., Wright, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (2009). Genetic and Environmental Influences on Optimism and its Relationship to Mental and Self-Rated Health: A Study of Aging Twins. Behavior Genetics, 39(6), 597–604. 10.1007/s10519-009-9287-7
- 39Oveis, C., Cohen, A., Gruber, J., Shiota, M., Haidt, J., & Keltner, D. (2009). Resting Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Is Associated With Tonic Positive Emotionality. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 9, 265–270. 10.1037/a0015383
- 40Parr, T., Pezzulo, G., & Friston, K. J. (2022). Active inference: The free energy principle in mind, brain, and behavior. The MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/12441.001.0001
- 41Pascoe, M. C., Thompson, D. R., Jenkins, Z. M., & Ski, C. F. (2017). Mindfulness mediates the physiological markers of stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 95, 156–178. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.004
- 42Rizvi, S. J., Pizzagalli, D. A., Sproule, B. A., & Kennedy, S. H. (2016). Assessing anhedonia in depression: Potentials and pitfalls. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 65, 21–35. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.004
- 43Rowa, K., Waechter, S., Hood, H. K., & Antony, M. M. (2017).
Generalized Anxiety Disorder . In Psychopathology (pp. 149–186). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 10.1002/9781394258949.ch4 - 44Sajid, N., Ball, P. J., Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2021). Active Inference: Demystified and Compared. Neural Computation, 33(3), 674–712. 10.1162/neco_a_01357
- 45Sharot, T. (2011). The optimism bias. Current Biology, 21(23), R941–R945. 10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.030
- 46Sharot, T., Riccardi, A. M., Raio, C. M., & Phelps, E. A. (2007). Neural mechanisms mediating optimism bias. Nature, 450(7166), 102–105. 10.1038/nature06280
- 47Smith, R., Friston, K. J., & Whyte, C. J. (2022). A step-by-step tutorial on active inference and its application to empirical data. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 107, 102632. 10.1016/j.jmp.2021.102632
- 48Smith, R., Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2019). Simulating Emotions: An Active Inference Model of Emotional State Inference and Emotion Concept Learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02844
- 49Soucy Chartier, I., & Provencher, M. D. (2013). Behavioural activation for depression: Efficacy, effectiveness and dissemination. Journal of Affective Disorders, 145(3), 292–299. 10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.023
- 50Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (2018). Reinforcement Learning, second edition: An Introduction. MIT Press.
- 51Terrill, A. L., Ruiz, J. M., & Garofalo, J. P. (2010). Look on the bright side: Do the benefits of optimism depend on the social nature of the stressor? Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 33(5), 399–414. 10.1007/s10865-010-9268-6
- 52Tindall, L., Mikocka-Walus, A., McMillan, D., Wright, B., Hewitt, C., & Gascoyne, S. (2017). Is behavioural activation effective in the treatment of depression in young people? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 90(4), 770–796. 10.1111/papt.12121
