Figure 1
Task structure. (A) The frame shows a mixed gamble trial. The wheels are shown for 4s. If a participant does not make a choice within this time frame, the trial results in a time out. Once a wheel is chosen a 1s animation is shown (B), followed by the amount won/lost shown for 1s (C). The last frame (D) shows a gain-only trial, which has the same trial structure.
Table 1
Sample demographics and questionnaire results. Values are mean (SD). The last row refers to COVID Score group differences between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups when the number of vaccines is not included in the score.
| GAD-7 SPLIT | All | GAD-7 < 8 | GAD-7 ≥ 8 | t113 | p-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women:Men (Sum) | 59:56 | 27:34 (60) | 32:22 (55) | – | – |
| Age in years | 39.7 (12.8) | 41.9 (13.9) | 37.2 (11.2) | 1.971 | 0.051 |
| STAI State Anxiety | 40.9 (13.3) | 32.6 (8.5) | 50.2 (11.5) | –9.376 | <0.001 |
| STAI Trait Anxiety | 48.2 (13.9) | 39 (10.1) | 58.6 (9.5) | –10.659 | <0.001 |
| GAD-7 | 7.3 (5.7) | 3.7 (2.3) | 13.4 (3.8) | –16.843 | <0.001 |
| COVID Score | 41.1 (13.8) | 40 (13.8) | 42.4 (13.8) | –0.913 | 0.363 |
| COVID Score (No #vax) | 38.6 (12.7) | 37.6 (12.7) | 39.8 (12.7) | –0.937 | 0.351 |
| VACCINATION SPLIT | ALL | VACCINATED | UNVACCINATED | t113 | p-VALUE |
| Women:Men (Sum) | / | 37:23 (60) | 22:33 (55) | – | – |
| Age in years | / | 40.9 (13.5) | 38.4 (11.9) | 1.049 | 0.296 |
| STAI State Anxiety | / | 43 (13.8) | 38.5 (12.4) | 1.819 | 0.071 |
| STAI Trait Anxiety | / | 47.9 (14) | 48.5 (13.8) | –0.254 | 0.799 |
| GAD-7 | / | 7.8 (5.7) | 6.7 (5.7) | 1.085 | 0.279 |
| COVID Score | / | 50.9 (8.6) | 30.5 (9.9) | 11.787 | <0.001 |
| COVID Score (No #vax) | / | 47 (8.4) | 29.5 (9.9) | 10.267 | <0.001 |
Table 2
Model 1 LOOIC scores. Model 1 LOOIC scores for different priors specifications.
| LOOIC | |
|---|---|
| Single prior | 13065.12 |
| GAD-7 Anxiety priors | 13068.45 |
| STAI Trait Anxiety priors | 13086.08 |
| Vaccination priors | 13083.36 |
| GAD-7 Anxiety and vaccination priors | 13101.54 |
| STAI Trait Anxiety and vaccination priors | 13086.81 |
Table 3
Mean (standard deviation) of the fitted parameters of Model 1 using a single prior and a clinically informed GAD-7 cut-off priors.
| SINGLE PRIOR | LOSS AVERSION λ | RISK AVERSION ρ | INVERSE TEMPERATURE μ |
|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | 2.323 (0.975) | 0.933 (0.283) | 1.568 (1.526) |
| Low Anxiety | 2.156 (0.971) | 0.924 (0.296) | 1.829 (1.748) |
| High Anxiety | 2.510 (0.955) | 0.943 (0.270) | 1.274 (1.178) |
| GAD-7 PRIOR | LOSS AVERSION λ | RISK AVERSION ρ | INVERSE TEMPERATURE μ |
| All participants | 2.318 (0.967) | 0.931 (0.280) | 1.573 (1.546) |
| Low Anxiety | 2.125 (0.935) | 0.915 (0.296) | 1.889 (1.797) |
| High Anxiety | 2.537 (0.966) | 0.949 (0.264) | 1.217 (1.116) |
Figure 2
Model 1 – Parameters estimated under GAD-7 hierarchical priors. (A–C) Parameters distributions for the model. (D) Pearson correlation between GAD-7 scores and Loss Aversion parameter.