Moving homes and energy poverty: residents’ concerns, capabilities and responses

ID	AGE (YEARS)	GENDER	HEATING SYSTEMS^a	YEAR MOVED	BUILDING TYPE: PREVIOUS; CURRENT	INCOME LEVEL^b
r01	55–64	Female	Electricity, wood stove, ASHP	2021	Detached; detached	Middle income
r02	65–74	Male	District heat	2022	Detached; apartment block	Low income
r03	55–64	Male	District heat, ASHP	2024	Detached; terraced	Middle income
r04	45–54	Female	Electricity, ASHP, two wood stoves	2023	Detached; detached	Middle income
r05	35–44	Male	Electricity, wood stove, ASHP, solar panel	2020	Terraced; detached	Middle income
r06	35–44	Female and male	Electricity, ASHP, solar panels, wood stove	2021	Semi-detached; detached	Sufficient
r07	75–84	Female	GSHP, ASHP, fireplace	2020	Apartment flat; detached	Constrained
r08	35–44	Male	Electricity, two ASHPs, wood stove	2021	Semi-detached; detached	Middle income
r09	65–74	Female	WAHP, solar panels, ASHP, wood stove	2021	Detached; detached	Middle income
r10	45–54	Male	Electricity, wood stove, ASHPs	2021	Terraced; detached	High income
r11	65–74	Male	District heat	2022	Detached; low-rise apartment block	Sufficient
r12	55–64	Male	EAHP, floor heating, ASHP, solar PV	2021	Apartment flat; semi-detached	Middle income
r13	n.a.	Female	Electricity, wood stove, ASHP	2020	Apartment flat; detached	Middle income
r14	35–44	Male	Electricity, two ASHPs	2021	Terraced; detached	Below middle income
r15	25–34	Female	Electricity, ASHP, wood stove	2022	Terraced; detached	Middle income
r16	55–64	Female	District heat, ASHP	2021	Apartment flat; semi-detached	Sufficient
r17	35–44	Male	Electricity, ASHP, two wood stoves	2021	Terraced; detached	Sufficient
r18	55–64	Female	Electricity, ASHP, solar panels	2011	Detached; detached	Sufficient
r19	55–64	Female	Electricity, solar, wood stove, two ASHPs	–	n.a.; detached	Sufficient
r20	65–74	Male	ASHP, wood stove, electricity	1989	n.a.; detached	Constrained
r21	65–74	Female	Electricity, two ASHPs, two wood stoves, sauna	1985	n.a.; detached	Sufficient
r22	65–74	Female	WAHP, wood stove	2023	Apartment flat; detached	Sufficient
r23	55–64	Male	Electricity, two wood stoves, ASHP	1998	Semi-detached; detached	Middle income
r24	55–64	Male	WAHP, wood stove, electricity	2011	Detached; detached	High income
r25	75–84	Male	GSHP, ASHP	2001	Detached; detached	High income
r26	n.a.	Female	GSHP, wood stove	2014	Detached; detached	Middle income
r27	65–74	Male	Electricity, wood, EAHP	1994	Detached; detached	Low income
r28	45–54	Female	ASHP, electricity, wood stove	2013	Apartment flat; detached	Middle income
r29	55–64	Female	Electricity, ASHP	2023	Detached; semi-detached	Middle income

[i] Note: ^aASHP = air-source heat pump; EAHP = exhaust-air heat pump; GSHP = ground-source heat pump; WAHP = water-to-air heat pump; PV = photovoltaic.

^b‘Sufficient’ income level refers to a situation where a respondent’s income level is not exactly known, but the interview situation did not reveal the existence of significant economic constraints. ‘Constrained’ refers to an income level that is not exactly known, but the respondent is a pensioner, in debt or without a financial buffer.

References

Authors

Additional files

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.868 | Journal eISSN: 2632-6655

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 1146 - 1161

Submitted on: May 18, 2026

Accepted on: Sep 28, 2026

Published on: Oct 16, 2026

Published by: Ubiquity Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

energy vulnerability,

© 2026 Mikko Jalas, Jenny Rinkinen, Sini Numminen, Eija Valkealahti, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 7 (2026): Issue 1