Figure 1
Past and future degree-day (DD) in the case study dataset.
Note: Heating degree-days (HDD) until 2019 were calculated using the Open Access (OA) data of Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) (n.d. b). HDD from 2020 onwards and all cooling degree-days (CDD) are modelled values, which are available from the FMI upon request.
Figure 2
Energy emission coefficients (EECs) used in the case study.
Note: The period 1959–64 uses the coefficient of 1965.
Sources: 1965–2019: Ritchie et al. (2020); and 2020–2100: Finnish Environment Institute (FEI) (2023a [heating], 2023b [cooling]).
Figure 3
Case study building’s heating emissions, 1959–2100, and cooling emissions, 2020 onwards.
Note: Projected energy decarbonisation is included.
Figure 4
Case study building’s heating emissions, 1959–2100, and cooling emissions, 2020 onwards.
Note: Projected energy decarbonisation is omitted. The period 2020–2100 uses the emission coefficients of 2020, thus illustrating the impact of climate warming only.