References
- AET. (2021). CIF/SO terms of reference year 4 (2019/20) residential waste composition study results summary report. AET for the Continuous Improvement Fund.
https://thecif.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/CIF-Year-4-Waste-Composition-Report.pdf - Altmann, E., Watson, P., & Gabriel, M. (2018).
Environmental restriction in multi-owned property . In E. Altmann & M. Gabriel (Eds.), Multi-owned property in the Asia–Pacific Region (pp. 119–136). Palgrave Macmillan. - Ando, A. W., & Gosselin, A. Y. (2005). Recycling in multifamily dwellings: Does convenience matter? Economic Inquiry, 43(2), 426–438. DOI: 10.1093/ei/cbi029
- Anshassi, M., Preuss, B., & Townsend, T. G. (2021). Moving beyond recycling: Examining steps for local government to integrate sustainable materials management. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 71(8), 1039–1052. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1924312
- Bernstad, A. (2014). Household food waste separation behavior and the importance of convenience. Waste Management, 34(7), 1317–1323. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.013
- Bright, S., & Weatherall, D. (2017). Framing and mapping the governance barriers to energy upgrades in flats. Journal of Environmental Law, 29(2), 203–229. DOI: 10.1093/jel/eqx017
- Bucciol, A., Montinari, N., & Piovesan, M. (2019). It wasn’t me! Visibility and free riding in waste disposal. Ecological Economics, 157, 394–401. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.12.013
- Bulkeley, H., & Kern, K. (2006). Local government and the governing of climate change in Germany and the UK. Urban Studies, 43(12), 2237–2259. DOI: 10.1080/00420980600936491
- Cascadia Consulting Group. (2021). San Francisco’s refuse collection space design guide.
https://sfenvironment.org/sites/default/files/fliers/files/sfe_gb_ars_design_guide.pdf - CHFT. (2022). Find a co-op. Co-operative Housing Federation of Toronto (CHFT).
https://co-ophousingtoronto.coop/resources/find-a-coop/?region=all&vacancies=all - City of Calgary. (2022). Multi-family signage and education requirements.
https://www.calgary.ca/waste/multi-family/signage-and-education.html - City of Richmond Hill. (2019). Waste by-law (Report No. SREIS.19.003 submitted to the Committee of the Whole, February 19, 2019).
https://pub-richmondhill.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=20914 - City of Toronto. (2010). Potential closing of garbage chutes at selected MRBs as part of a waste diversion plan (Report submitted to the Public Works and Infrastructure Committee, January 10, 2010).
https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2010/pw/bgrd/backgroundfile-26695.pdf - City of Toronto. (2015). Long term waste strategy: Current system summary, Technical Bulletin No. 1.
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/967e-SW_Technical-Memo-No-1-FINAL-AODA.pdf - City of Toronto. (2016). Final long term waste management strategy (Report submitted to the Public Works and Infrastructure Committee, June 2, 2016).
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/9803-Final-Long-Term-Waste-Management-Strategy.pdf - City of Toronto. (2017). Tenant engagement guide.
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/9364-Tenant-Engagement-Guide.pdf - City of Toronto. (2018). State of Toronto’s Blue Bin Recycling Program (Report submitted to the Public Works and Infrastructure Committee).
https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2018/pw/bgrd/backgroundfile-113576.pdf - City of Toronto. (2020a). Condominiums: Two decades of new housing (Toronto City Planning Profile).
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/8f4f-City-Planning-Condominiums-Two-Decades-of-New-Housing.pdf - City of Toronto. (2020b). RentSafeTO: Building owner handbook.
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/8e23-RentSafeTO_Building-Owner-Handbook_2020.pdf - City of Toronto. (2020c). Transition of Toronto’s Blue Box Program to extended producer responsibility.
https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2020/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-156324.pdf - City of Toronto. (2021a). TransformTO net zero strategy: A climate action pathway to 2030 and beyond.
https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2021/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-173758.pdf - City of Toronto. (2021b). Greenhouse gas emissions inventory, 2019.
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/8f2e-2019-Inventory.pdf - City of Toronto. (2022a). Diversion rates and reports: Material breakdown for 2021 residential waste diversion rates.
https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/recycling-organics-garbage/solid-waste-reports/ - City of Toronto. (2022b). Toronto Green Standard for mid-high rise residential and non-residential new developments v4.
https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2021/ph/bgrd/backgroundfile-168197.pdf - City of Toronto. (2022c). Backgrounder—2021 Census: Language (19 August).
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/868f-2021-Census-Backgrounder-Language-FINAL.pdf - City of Toronto. (n.d. a). Waste educational resources: Waste sorting.
https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/recycling-organics-garbage/waste-educational-resources/ - City of Toronto. (n.d. b). The importance of recycling right: Items not accepted in the blue bin.
https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/recycling-organics-garbage/houses/what-goes-in-my-blue-bin/ - Dello, R. (2016). Multi-residential audits & superintendent training (Continuous Improvement Fund No. 872).
https://thecif.ca/projects//documents/872-Toronto_Final_Report.pdf - Dello, R. (2019). Promotion & education engagement to establish multi-residential best practices (Continuous Improvement Fund No. 979).
https://thecif.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/979-Toronto_Final_Report.pdf - DiGiacomo, A., Wu, D., Lenkic, P., Fraser, B., Zhao, J., & Kingstone, A. (2017). Convenience improves composting and recycling rates in high-density residential buildings. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1–23. DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2017.1305332
- Easthope, H., & Randolph, B. (2009). Governing the compact city: The challenges of apartment living in Sydney, Australia. Housing Studies, 24(2), 243–259. DOI: 10.1080/02673030802705433
- ECCC. (2022). National inventory report, 1990–2020: Greenhouse gas sources and sinks in Canada. Canada’s submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Executive summary. Environment & Climate Change Canada (ECCC).
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/eccc/En81-4-1-2020-eng.pdf - Eisenstein, W., Fuertes, G., Kaam, S., Seigel, K., Arens, E., & Mozingo, L. (2017). Climate co-benefits of green building standards: Water, waste and transportation. Building Research & Information, 45(8), 828–844. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2016.1204519
- Environmental Defence, Health and Environment Justice Support, Toronto Environmental Alliance, Citizens’ Network on Waste Management, Waste Watch Ottawa & Canadian Environmental Law Association. (2021). New Blue Box program put business interests ahead of protecting the environment. Environmental Defence News Release, 3 June.
https://environmentaldefence.ca/2021/06/03/new-blue-box-program-put-business-interests-ahead-of-protecting-the-environment/ - Fallde, M. (2015). Can area managers connect policy and tenants? Implementation and diffusion of a new waste management system in Linkoping, Sweden. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(5), 932–947. DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2014.904769
- Garfunkel, D. (2017). High-rise residential condominiums and the transformation of private property governance. UBC Law Review, 50(4), 891–934.
https://heinonline.org/HOL/AuthorProfile?action=edit&search_name=%20Garfunkel,%20Dorit&collection=journals - Genivar. (2010). Maximizing residential waste diversion in connection with the mayor’s tower renewal pilot feasibility study, Final Report (Report submitted to the City of Toronto).
https://thecif.ca/pdf/reports/178/178_report.pdf - Genivar. (2011). Best practices for the storage and collection of recyclables in multi-residential buildings. Waste Diversion Ontario, Continuous Improvement Fund, Project 219.
https://thecif.ca/projects/documents/219-First-Report_Site_Plan_Design_Feb_28_11.pdf - Government of Canada. (2021). Single-use plastics prohibition regulations—Overview.
https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/managing-reducing-waste/reduce-plastic-waste/single-use-plastic-overview.html#toc2 - Government of Canada. (2022). Share your thoughts: Development of rules to strengthen the recycling and composting of plastics through accurate labelling.
https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/managing-reducing-waste/consultations/consultation-labelling.html - Government of Ontario. (2017). Strategy for a waste-free Ontario: Building the circular economy. Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change.
https://files.ontario.ca/finalstrategywastefreeont_eng_aoda1_final-s.pdf - Government of Ontario. (2018). Food and organic waste policy statement.
https://www.ontario.ca/page/food-and-organic-waste-policy-statement - Government of Ontario. (2020). Preserving and protecting our environment for future generations: A made-in-Ontario environment plan. Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks.
https://www.ontario.ca/page/made-in-ontario-environment-plan - Greene, K. L., & Tonjes, D. J. (2014). Quantitative assessments of municipal waste management systems: Using different indicators to compare and rank programs in New York State. Waste Management, 34(4), 825–836. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.12.020
- Harris, D. C. (2019). Condominium government and the right to live in the city. Canadian Journal of Law and Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société, 34(3), 371–392. DOI: 10.1017/cls.2019.34
- Hopkins, E. A., Read, D. C., & Goss, R. C. (2017). Promoting sustainability in the United States multifamily property management industry. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 32(2), 361–376. DOI: 10.1007/s10901-016-9516-3
- Ikiz, E., Maclaren, V. W., Alfred, E., & Sivanesan, S. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on household waste flows, diversion and reuse: The case of multi-residential buildings in Toronto, Canada. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164,
105111 . DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105111 - Joltreau, E. (2022). Extended producer responsibility, packaging waste reduction and eco-design. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1–52. DOI: 10.1007/s10640-022-00696-9
- Katzev, R., Blake, G., & Messer, B. (1993). Determinants of participation in multi-family recycling programs. Journal of Applied Psychology 23(5), 374–385. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01093.x
- Kelleher, M. (2015/16). The evolving tonne of recyclables. Solid Waste & Recycling, December 2015–January 2016.
https://issuu.com/solidwasterecycling/docs/swrdec15jan2016/1 - Kinnaman, T. C., & Fullerton, D. (2000). Garbage and recycling with endogenous local policy. Journal of Urban Economics, 48(3), 419–442. DOI: 10.1006/juec.2000.2174
- Knickmeyer, D. (2020). Social factors influencing household waste separation: A literature review on good practices to improve the recycling performance of urban areas. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245,
118605 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118605 - Lakhan, C. (2016a). Out of sight, out of mind: Issues and obstacles to recycling in Ontario’s multi residential buildings. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 108, 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.01.005
- Lakhan, C. (2016b). The relationship between municipal waste diversion incentivization and recycling system performance. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 106, 68–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.11.010
- Lansana Margai, F. (1997). Analysing changes in waste reduction behavior in a low income community following a public outreach program. Environment and Behavior, 29(6), 769–792. DOI: 10.1177/0013916597296003
- LEED O+M. (2018). LEED v4 for Building Operations and Maintenance. US Green Building Council.
https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-operations-and-maintenance-current-version - McKenzie, A. (2012). Centralised composting and food waste disposer (FWD) use as competing organic waste management strategies in Vancouver multifamily homes. City of Vancouver Greenest City Scholar Report.
https://www.sustain.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/2012-04_Organic%20waste%20management%20-%20garburators%20vs%20composting_McKenzie.pdf - McKenzie, E. (2005).
The dynamics of privatopia: Private residential governance in the USA . In G. Glasze, C. Webster & K. Frantz (Eds.), Private cities: Global and local perspectives (pp. 9–28). Routledge. - Miflin, C., Spertus, J., Benjamin Miller, B., & Grace, C. (2017). Zero waste design guidelines. The Centre for Architecture.
- Morawski, C., Kelleher, M., & Millette, S. (2015). The evolving ton explained. Resource Recycling, May, 15–19.
https://www.cmconsultinginc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/EvolvingTonMayRRFinal.pdf - New York City. (2014). Interior environment. In New York City building code (ch. 12).
https://www.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/apps/pdf_viewer/viewer.html?file=2014CC_BC_Chapter_12_Interior_Environment.pdf§ion=conscode_2014 - Ng, S. L. (2019a). An assessment of multi-family dwelling recycling in Hong Kong: A managerial perspective. Waste Management, 89, 294–302. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.014
- Ng, S. L. (2019b). Predicting multi-family dwelling recycling behaviors using structural equation modelling: A case study of Hong Kong. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 149, 468–478. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.06.007
- OECD. (2016). Extended producer responsibility: Updated guidance for efficient waste management. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publ. DOI: 10.1787/9789264256385-en
- Ordoñez, I., Harder, R., Nikitas, A., & Rahe, U. (2015). Waste sorting in apartments: Integrating the perspective of the user. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, 669–679. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.100
- Pouikli, K. (2020). Concretising the role of extended producer responsibility in European Union waste law and policy through the lens of the circular economy. ERA Forum, 20(4), 491–508. DOI: 10.1007/s12027-020-00596-9
- Rispo, A., Williams, I. D., & Shaw, P. J. (2015). Source segregation and food waste prevention activities in high-density households in a deprived urban area. Waste Management, 44, 15–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.010
- Rousta, K., Bolton, K., Lundin, M., & Dahlen, L. (2015). Quantitative assessment of distance to collection point and improved sorting information on source separation of household waste. Waste Management, 40, 22–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.005
- Salemdeeb, R., Saint, R., Pomponi, F., Pratt, K., & Lenaghan, M. (2022). Beyond recycling: An LCA-based decision-support tool to accelerate Scotland’s transition to a circular economy. Resources, Conservation & Recycling Advances, 13,
200069 . DOI: 10.1016/j.rcradv.2022.200069 - Sanz, V. M., Rica, E. D., Palacios, E. F., Alsina, A. M., & Mouriz, N. V. (2015). Redesigning producer responsibility: A new EPR is needed for a circular economy. Zero Waste Europe.
https://zerowasteeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/zero_waste_europe_report_redesign_producer_responsability_en.pdf - Schill, M. H., Voicu, I., & Miller, J. (2007). The condominium versus cooperative puzzle: An empirical analysis of housing in New York City. Journal of Legal Studies, 36(2), 275–324. DOI: 10.1086/519421
- Sidique, S. F., Joshi, S. V., & Lupi, F. (2010). Factors influencing the rate of recycling: An analysis of Minnesota counties. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(4), 242–249. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.08.006
- Timlett, R., & Williams, I. D. (2009). The impact of transient populations on recycling behaviour in a densely populated urban environment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53, 498–506. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.03.010
- Twitty, A. (2019). Will Toronto surpass New York as high-rise capital of North America? Realty Biz News, 21 November.
https://realtybiznews.com/will-toronto-surpass-new-york-as-high-rise-capital-of-north-america/98756644/ - Yau, Y. (2012). Stakeholder engagement in waste recycling in a high-rise setting. Sustainable Development, 20, 115–127. DOI: 10.1002/sd.468
- Yazer, J. (2020). Recycling woes: Toronto struggles to adapt to increased contamination and lower prices. Spacing Toronto, 21 August.
http://spacing.ca/toronto/2020/08/26/recycling-woes-toronto-struggles-to-adapt-to-increased-contamination-and-lower-prices/