Table 1
Urban regeneration policy documents for analysis.
| URBAN REGENERATION POLICY | |
|---|---|
| National | • Research for the Establishment of Basic Policy for National Urban Regeneration |
| • Public hearing on ‘Revitalisation of Urban Regeneration and Legislative Reorganisation’ | |
| • Special Act on the Promotion of and Support for Urban Regeneration | |
| • Basic Policy for National Urban Regeneration | |
| • Guidelines for the Formulation of Strategic Plans for Urban Regeneration | |
| City | • Guidelines for the Formulation of Urban Regeneration Master Plans |
| • The Seoul Strategic Plan for Urban Regeneration (2015) | |
| • The Seoul Strategic Plan for Urban Regeneration (2018) | |
| Community/neighbourhood | • Jangwi-dong Urban Regeneration Master Plan |
| • Sangdo 4-dong Urban Regeneration Master Plan | |
| • Amsa-dong Urban Regeneration Master Plan | |
| • Garibong-dong Urban Regeneration Master Plan |
[i] Source: Compiled by Jiyoon Song, 2022.
Table 2
Example of content analysis and the number of coded segments.
| IDENTIFIED SEGMENTS | CODING | CATEGORY OF FACTORS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Content analysis | Another important problem is (1) the lack of integrated financial resources. So you can use them here and there. For example, (2) any ministries like the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport should be able to use the money from the Ministry of Environment, or vice versa. It should be like this, but (3) if it’s not my budget, it’s not my business. It’s a very common story. So, an integrated project management system is important, but an integrated project budget is also important. (INT17)a | (1) Lack of budgets (2) Policy development stage (3) Lack of cooperation with climate change departments/Ministry of Environment | (1) Resources (2) Policy stage (3) Organisational factor |
[i] Note: Number of coded segments is 168 in the policy development stage (151 internal and 17 external factors) and 454 in the policy implementation stage (282 internal and 172 external factors).
a The sources of direct and indirect quotes from interviews are presented as ‘INT’ and number.
Source: Compiled by Jiyoon Song, 2022.
Figure 1
Pilot urban regeneration areas in Seoul.
Source: Compiled by Jiyoon Song based on Seoul Metropolitan Government (2015).
Table 3
General characteristics of four neighbourhoods of Seoul in 2015.
| COMMUNITY | JANGWI-DONG | SANGDO 4-DONG | AMSA-DONG | GARIBONG-DONG |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area (m2) | 318,415 | 726,512 | 634,885 | 332,929 |
| Population (n) | 11,311 | 30,151 | 37,753 | 18,934 |
| Population density (persons/km2) | 35,523 | 41,501 | 59,464 | 56,871 |
| Households (n) | 4,579 | 12,597 | 15,640 | 6,357 |
| Change in population, 2012–15 (%) | –9.9% | –1.1% | –4.5% | –7.5% |
Figure 2
Rainwater collector, rooftop garden and solar panel in Jangwi-dong.
Source: Photos taken by Jiyoon Song, August 2020.
Figure 3
Rooftop garden in Sangdo 4-dong.
Source: Photo taken by Jiyoon Song, August 2020.
Figure 4
View of Amsa-dong.
Source: Photo taken by Jiyoon Song, August 2020.
Figure 5
View of Garibong-dong.
Source: Photo taken Jiyoon Song, August 2020.
Table A1
Information on interviews and interviewees.
| LEVEL | ORGANISATION | ROLE | IN-TEXT REFERENCE | INTERVIEW DATE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Land & Housing Institute | • Monitoring urban regeneration projects nationwide | INT1 | 14 July 2020 |
| Korea Environment Institute | • Established Measures for Adaptation to Climate Change with the Ministry of Environment | INT2 | 28 August 2020 | |
| • Performing research and development (R&D) project about developing indicators to assess resilience in urban regeneration areas | INT3 | 25 August 2020 | ||
| • In charge of operating the Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Change | INT4 | 15 July 2020 | ||
| Land & Housing Institute | • Formulating ‘Basic Policy for National Urban Regeneration’ and ‘Guidelines for the Formulation of Strategic Plans for Urban Regeneration’ • Research on urban regeneration regulation, policy and strategy | INT5 | 30 July 2020 | |
| • Formulating ‘Basic Policy for National Urban Regeneration’ and ‘Guidelines for the Formulation of Strategic Plans for Urban Regeneration’ • Research on urban regeneration regulation, policy and strategy | INT6 | 14 July 2020 | ||
| Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport | • In charge of formulating ‘Basic Policy for National Urban Regeneration’ and ‘Guidelines for the Formulation of Strategic Plans for Urban Regeneration’ | INT7 | 5 August 2020 | |
| Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements | • Research on urban regeneration regulation, policy and strategy nationwide | INT8 | 17 July 2020 | |
| INT9 | 17 July 2020 | |||
| Korea Housing & Urban Guarantee Corporation | INT10 | 16 July 2020 | ||
| City | Seoul metropolitan government | • Formulating ‘The Seoul Strategic Plan for Urban Regeneration’ | INT11 | 19 August 2020 |
| INT12 | 8 July 2020 | |||
| INT13 | 15 August 2020 | |||
| Seoul Urban Regeneration Committee | • Decision-making for ‘The Seoul Strategic Plan for Urban Regeneration’ and the urban regeneration master plans (URMP) | INT14 | 22 July 2020 | |
| INT15 | 20 July 2020 | |||
| Seoul Urban Regeneration Support Centre | • Supporting plan development, establishing a database of promotion areas, supporting education and monitoring | INT16 | 13 July 2020 | |
| INT17 | 27 July 2020 | |||
| INT18 | 29 July 2020 | |||
| The Seoul Institute | • Research on urban regeneration regulation, policy and strategy in Seoul | INT19 | 9 July 2020 | |
| Garibong-dong | Community government | • Formulating and implementing the URMP | INT20 | 6 July 2020 |
| Master planner | • Establishing the URMP | INT21 | 3 August 2020 | |
| Urban planning company | INT22 | 18 August 2020 | ||
| Urban Regeneration On-site Support Centre | • Supporting the implementation, public relations and education for residents, revitalising the neighbourhood community • Collecting residents’ opinions, negotiating residents’ conflicts, bridging between public and private | INT23 | 13 July 2020 | |
| INT24 | 12 August 2020 | |||
| Residents’ Council | • Participated in the process of urban regeneration plans and projects • Engaged with community activities through urban regeneration | INT25 | 18 August 2020 | |
| INT26 | 1 August 2020 | |||
| INT27 | 12 August 2020 | |||
| INT28 | 20 August 2020 | |||
| Amsa-dong | Community government | • Formulating and implementing the URMP | INT29 | 7 July 2020 |
| INT30 | 13 August 2020 | |||
| Urban Regeneration On-site Support Centre | • Supporting the implementation, public relations and education for residents, revitalising the neighbourhood community • Collecting residents’ opinions, negotiating residents’ conflicts, bridging between public and private | INT31 | 23 July 2020 | |
| INT32 | 21 July 2020 | |||
| INT33 | 21 July 2020 | |||
| Residents’ Council | • Participated in the process of urban regeneration plans and projects • Engaged with community activities through urban regeneration | INT34 | 28 July 2020 | |
| INT35 | 21 July 2020 | |||
| Sangdo 4-dong | Community government | • Formulating and implementing the URMP | INT36 | 20 August 2020 |
| Master planner | • Establishing the URMP | INT37 | 24 July 2020 | |
| Urban Regeneration On-site Support Centre | • Supporting the implementation, public relations and education for residents, revitalising the neighbourhood community• Collecting residents’ opinions, negotiating residents’ conflicts, bridging between public and private | INT38 | 1 August 2020 | |
| INT39 | 8 July 2020 | |||
| Residents’ Council | • Participated in the process of urban regeneration plans and projects • Engaged with community activities through urban regeneration | INT40 | 20 August 2020 | |
| INT41 | 21 August 2020 | |||
| INT42 | 10 August 2020 | |||
| Jangwi-dong | Community government | • Formulating and implementing the URMP | INT43 | 7 August 2020 |
| Master planner | • Establishing the URMP | INT44 | 13 August 2020 | |
| Urban planning company | INT45 | 4 August 2020 | ||
| Urban Regeneration On-site Support Centre | • Supporting the implementation, public relations and education for residents, revitalising the neighbourhood community • Collecting residents’ opinions, negotiating residents’ conflicts, bridging between public and private | INT46 | 29 July 2020 | |
| INT47 | 6 August 2020 | |||
| Residents’ Council | • Participated in the process of urban regeneration plans and projects • Engaged with community activities through urban regeneration | INT48 | 26 August 2020 | |
| INT49 | 10 August 2020 | |||
| INT50 | 10 August 2020 |
[i] Note: INTxx = interview number.