References
- 1Ackermann, M. E. (2010). Cool comfort: America’s romance with air-conditioning. Smithsonian Books.
- 2Ahmed, K. (2021). Met Office issues first ever extreme heat warning for UK. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jul/19/met-office-issues-first-ever-extreme-heat-warning-uk - 3Arbuthnott, K., Hajat, S., Heaviside, C., & Vardoulakis, S. (2020). Years of life lost and mortality due to heat and cold in the three largest English cities. Environment International, 144, 105966. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105966
- 4Basile, S. (2014). Cool: How air conditioning changed everything. Fordham University Press. DOI: 10.1515/9780823261789
- 5Beck, H. E., Zimmerman, N. E., McVicar, T. R., Vergopolan, N., Berg, A., & Wood, E. F. (2018). Present and future Koppen–Geiger classification maps at 1-km resolution. Scientific Data, 5, 180214. DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.214
- 6Bolitho, A., & Miller, F. (2017). Heat as emergency, heat as chronic stress: Policy and institutional response to vulnerability to extreme heat. Local Environment, 22(6), 682–698. DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2016.1254169
- 7Braun, V., Clarke, V., Hayfield, N., & Terry, G. (2019).
Thematic analysis . In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in health social science (pp. 843–860). Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_103 - 8Buonocore, C., De Vecchi, R., Scalco, V., & Lamberts, R. (2019). Influence of recent and long-term exposure to air-conditioned environments on thermal perception in naturally-ventilated classrooms. Building and Environment, 156, 233–242. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.04.009
- 9Candido, C., de Dear, R., & Ohba, M. (2012). Effects of artificially induced heat acclimatization on subjects’ thermal and air movement preferences. Building and Environment, 49(1), 251–258. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.09.032
- 10Chongqing Meteorological Bureau. (2020). Chongqing climate impact assessment.
http://cq.weather.com.cn/qxfwcp/yqhpj/09/3236533.shtml - 11Coley, D., Kershaw, T., & Eames, M. (2012). A comparison of structural and behavioural adaptations to future proofing buildings against higher temperatures. Building and Environment, 55, 159–166. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.12.011
- 12Cool Coalition. (2022). Overview.
https://coolcoalition.org/about/overview-and-history/ - 13Cooper, G. A. (1998). Air-conditioning America. Johns Hopkins Press.
- 14Cuff, M. (2020, August 20). Air conditioning sales soar as climate change pushes summer temperatures up. inews.
https://inews.co.uk/news/environment/air-conditioning-sales-soar-climate-change-583987 - 15De Wit, S. (2018). Hidden landscapes. Architectura & Natura.
- 16DeDear, R. J., & Brager, G. S. (2002). Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: Revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55. Energy and Buildings, 34(6), 549–561. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00005-1
- 17DGN. (2021). Why are air conditioning units so uncommon in the UK? Double Glazing Network (DGN).
https://www.doubleglazingnetwork.com/blog/why-are-air-conditioning-units-so-uncommon-in-the-uk/ - 18Drury, P., Watson, S., & Lomas, K. J. (2021). Summertime overheating in UK homes: Is there a safe haven? Buildings and Cities, 2(1), 970–990. DOI: 10.5334/bc.152
- 19DSC. (2020). Population and vital statistics: Population by gender, Number of population estimated by nationality. Dubai Statistics Center (DSC).
https://www.dsc.gov.ae/en-us/Themes/Pages/Population-and-Vital-Statistics.aspx?Theme=42 - 20Dubey, K., & Krarti, M. (2017). Economic and environmental benefits of improving UAE building stock energy efficiency. Riyadh: KAPSARC.
- 21Gasparrini, A., Guo, Y., Hasizume, M., Lavigne, E., Zanobetti, A., et al. (2015). Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: A multi-country observational study. Lancet, 389, 369–375. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0
- 22Hansen, A., Bi, P., Nitscheke, M., Ryan, P., Pisaniello, D., & Tucker, G. (2008). The effect of heat waves on mental health in a temperate Australian city. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116, 1369–1375. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11339
- 23Hitchings, R. (2020). A curiosity driven approach to air-conditioning on the Arabian Peninsula: Comparing the accounts of three resident groups in Qatar. Geoforum, 111, 116–124. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.03.001
- 24Hitchings, R. (2022). Understanding air-conditioned lives: Qualitative insights from Doha. Buildings and Cities, 3/1. DOI: 10.5334/bc.155
- 25Hoag, H. (2015). How cities can beat the heat. Nature, 524, 402–404. DOI: 10.1038/524402a
- 26IEA-EBC. (2016). Annex 66. International Energy Agency-Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (IEA-EBC).
annex66.org - 27IPCC. (2014). Summary report for policy makers. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
- 28IPCC. (2021). Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Summary for policymakers. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
- 29Kim, J., Song, D., Kim, S., Park, S., Choi, Y., & Lim, H. (2020). Energy-saving potential of extending temperature set-points in a VRF air-conditioned building. Energies, 13(9), 2160. DOI: 10.3390/en13092160
- 30Kjellstrom, T. (2009). Climate change, direct heat exposure, health and well-being in low and middle-income countries. Global Health Action, 2. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v2i0.2047
- 31Kondo, K., Mabon, L., Bi, Y., Chen, Y., & Hayabuchi, Y. (2021). Balancing conflicting mitigation and adaptation behaviours of urban residents under climate change and the urban heat island effect. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, 102585. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102585
- 32Lai, D., Liu, W., Gan, T., Liu, K., & Chen, Q. (2019). A review of mitigating strategies to improve the thermal environment and thermal comfort in urban outdoor spaces. Science of the Total Environment, 661, 337–353. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.062
- 33Lane, K., Wheeler, K., Charles-Guzman, K., Ahmed, M., Blum, M., et al. (2014). Extreme heat awareness and protective behaviors in NYC. Journal of Urban Health, 91(3), 403–414. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-013-9850-7
- 34Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: Promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative Psychology, 4(1), 2–22. DOI: 10.1037/qup0000082
- 35Li, X., Taylor, J., & Symonds, P. (2019). Indoor overheating and mitigation of converted lofts in London, UK. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 40(4), 409–425. DOI: 10.1177/0143624419842044
- 36Liu, H., Sun, H., Mo, H., & Liu, J. (2021). Analysis and modeling of air conditioner usage behavior in residential buildings using monitoring data during hot and humid season. Energy and Buildings, 250, 111297. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111297
- 37Macpherson, C. C., & Akpinar-Elci, M. (2015). Caribbean heat threatens health, well-being and the future of humanity. Public Health Ethics, 8(2), 196–208. DOI: 10.1093/phe/phv008
- 38Majid, N. H. A., Takagi, N., Hokoi, S., Ekasiwi, S. N. N., & Uno, T. (2014). Field survey of air conditioner temperature settings in a hot, dry climate (Oman). HVAC&R, 20(7), 751–759. DOI: 10.1080/10789669.2014.953845
- 39Met Office. (2016). UK regional climates.
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/regional-climates/index - 40Mitchell, D., Heaviside, C., Vardoulakis, S., Huntingford, C., Masato, G., et al. (2016). Attributing mortality during extreme heat waves to anthropogenic climate change. Environmental Research Letters, 11(7), 074006. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074006
- 41Mohammed, A., Pignatta, G., Topriska, E., & Santamouris, M. (2020). Canopy urban heat island and its association with climate conditions in Dubai, UAE. Climate, 8(6), 81. DOI: 10.3390/cli8060081
- 42Noonan, D. S., Hsieh, L. H. C., & Matisoff, D. (2015). Economic, sociological, and neighbour dimensions of energy efficiency adoption behaviours: Evidence from the US residential heating and air conditioning market. Energy Research and Social Science, 10, 102–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2015.07.009
- 43O’Brien, W., Tahmasebi, F., Andersen, R. K., Azar, E., Barthelmes, V., et al. (2020). An international review of occupant-related aspects of building energy codes and standards. Building and Environment, 179, 106906. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106906
- 44Pelsmakers, S. (2015). The environmental design pocketbook, 2nd ed. The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Publ.
- 45PHE. (2018). Heatwave plan for England.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/heatwave-plan-for-england - 46Porritt, S., Cropper, P. C., Shao, L., & Goodier, C. I. (2012). Ranking of interventions to reduce dwelling overheating during heat waves. Energy and Buildings, 55, 16–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.01.043
- 47Porritt, S., Shao, L., Cropper, P., & Goodier, C. (2011). Adapting dwellings for heatwaves. Sustainable Cities and Society, 1(2), 89–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2011.02.004
- 48Ramos, G., Lamberts, R., Abrahao, K. C., Bandeira, F. B., Barbosa Teixeira, C. F., et al. (2021). Adaptive behaviour and air conditioning use in Brazilian residential buildings. Building Research & Information, 49(5), 496–511. DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2020.1804314
- 49SEforALL. (2021). Chilling prospects: Tracking sustainable cooling for all 2021.
https://www.seforall.org/chilling-prospects-2021/global-access-to-cooling# - 50Shove, E., Walker, G., & Brown, S. (2014). Transnational transitions: The diffusion and integration of mechanical cooling. Urban Studies, 51(7), 1506–1519. DOI: 10.1177/0042098013500084
- 51Sintov, N. D., White, L. V., & Walpole, H. (2019). Thermostat wars? The roles of gender and thermal comfort negotiations in household energy use behavior. PloS ONE, 14(11),
e0224198 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224198 - 52Song, Y., Sun, Y., Luo, S., Tian, Z., Hou, J., et al. (2018). Residential adaptive comfort in a humid continental climate—Tianjin China. Energy and Buildings, 170, 115–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.083
- 53Stroeve, P., Barr, T. B., Ghaddar, N., Ghali, K., Outcault, S., & Rahman, T. (2016). Assessment of the hybrid solar technologies for air conditioning in the sustainable city of Dubai. Dubai: University of California—Davis/American University of Beirut.
- 54Valois, P., Talbot, D., Bouchard, D., Renaud, J. S., Caron, M., et al. (2020). Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying heat adaptation behaviors in elderly populations. Population and Environment, 41(4), 480–506. DOI: 10.1007/s11111-020-00347-5
- 55Viguié, V., Lemonsu, A., Hallegatte, S., Beaulant, A.-L., Marchad, C., et al. (2020). Early adaptation to heat waves and future reduction of air-conditioning energy use in Paris. Environmental Research Letters, 15, 075006. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab6a24
- 56Walker, G., Shove, E., & Brown, S. (2014). How does AC become ‘needed’? A case study of routes, rationales and dynamics. Energy Research and Social Science, 4, 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.08.002
- 57Wang, C., Wang, Z.-H., & Ryu, Y.-H. (2021). A single-layer urban canopy model with transmissive radiation exchange between trees and street canyons. Building and Environment, 191, 107593. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107593
- 58Wright, M. K., Hondula, D. M., Chakalian, P. M., Kurtz, L. C., Watkins, L., et al. (2020). Social and behavioral determinants of indoor temperatures in air-conditioned homes. Building and Environment, 183, 107187. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107187
- 59Xu, C., Kohler, T. A., Lenton, T. M., Svenning, J.-C., & Scheffer, M. (2020a). Future of the human climate niche. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 11350–11355. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910114117
- 60Xu, X., Liu, W., & Lian, Z. (2020b). Dynamic indoor comfort temperature settings based on the variation in clothing insulation and its energy-saving potential for an air-conditioning system. Energy and Buildings, 220, 110086. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110086
- 61Yu, J., Ouyang, Q., Zhu, Y., Shen, H., Cao, G., & Cui, W. (2012). A comparison of the thermal adaptability of people accustomed to air-conditioned environments and naturally-ventilated environments. Indoor Air, 22(2), 110–118. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00746.x
- 62Zander, K. K., & Mathew, S. (2019). Estimating economic losses from perceived heat stress in urban Malaysia. Ecological Economics, 159, 84–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.01.023