Figure 1
The development of Finland’s planning law visualised as an onion.
Note: The initial phase defined in the Civic Code of Sweden laid down the principles of property rights. The Town Planning Act (TPA) laid down the principles for limiting these rights to safeguard the public interest. The Building Act (BA) formalised a nationwide comprehensive planning system, and the Land Use and Building Act (LBA) aimed at environmental and participatory goals.
Source: Vaattovaara et al. (2020).
Figure 2
The municipal division of Uusimaa Region.
Note: The black rectangle indicates the map area in Figures 3, 4, 5.
Source: National Land Survey of Finland.
Figure 3
The suburban fringe of Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA).
Note: The Jokeri light-rail and the location of the metropolitan central business district (CBD) is shown in red; the location of the Case II study area in Figure 7 is indicated by a black rectangle.
Source: National Land Survey of Finland.
Figure 4
Growth of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA), 2000–15.
Source: National Land Survey of Finland.
Figure 5
The Land Use, Housing and Transport (LHT) agreement locations, 2012–18.
Note: It is easy to see that the location pattern of new housing estates is similar to the earlier development tradition shown in Figure 4.
Sources: National Land Survey of Finland and Helsingin seudun ympäristöpalvelut (Helsinki Region Environmental Services—HSY).
Figure 6
Competing and confusing aims of urban transport: (a) cover page of the final Jokeri report of 2015; and (b) implementation of the same track between Laajalahti residential district (the bushy roadside on left) and the nature preservation area (the bushy roadside on the right) as of 2020.
Note: ‘bushy’ = the unintended result of spatial planning without explicit quality criteria.
Figure 7
(a) One of the excluded alternatives (CoE 2002: 19) of Jokeri overlaid on the existing zoning map of Laajalahti (the black tilted rectangle indicates the location where next two images are zoomed in); (b) the technical separation of the land-use zone for the multitude of institutional agents in the same area (a red X indicates the location where the lower image is taken); and (c) where the output of the urban rail eventually might be after the protracted planning process.
Sources: City of Espoo and Raidejokeri (2020).