Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Vaccination Status of Hepatitis B among Nursing Training Students in Ho, Ghana

Figures & Tables

Demographic Characteristics of Participants.

Distribution of Participants’ Knowledge on Hepatitis B Virus.

Variables	Frequencies	Percentages
Heard of Hep B
Yes	350	97.8
No	8	2.2

Source
Print media
Yes	18	5
No	340	95
School
Yes	217	60.6
No	141	39.4
Radio/TV
Yes	72	20.1
No	286	79.9
Friends/Neighbor
Yes	14	3.9
No	344	96.1
Health worker
Yes	78	21.8
No	280	78.2

Cause
Bacteria	17	4.7
Virus	280	78.2
Fungi	5	1.4
Don’t know	56	15.6

Transmission routes
Sex
Yes	235	65.6
No	68	19.0
Don’t know	55	15.4

Blood transfusion
Yes	285	79.6
No	35	9.8
Don’t know	38	10.6

Sharing of towel
Yes	177	49.4
No	101	28.2
Don’t know	80	22.3

Air
Yes	68	19.0
No	224	65.6
Don’t know	66	18.4

Faeco-oral
Yes	145	40.5
No	88	24.6
Don’t know	125	34.9

Needle stick injury
Yes	250	69.8
No	30	8.4
Don’t know	78	21.8

Child birth
Yes	207	57.8
No	53	14.8
Don’t know	98	27.4

Holding hands
Yes	99	27.7
No	203	56.7
Don’t know	56	15.6

More infectious than HIV/AIDS
Yes	273	76.3
No	33	9.2
Don’t know	52	14.5

Asymptomatic at acute phase
Yes	114	31.8
No	69	19.3
Don’t know	175	48.9

Jaundice a symptom
Yes	168	46.9
No	50	14.0
Don’t know	140	39.1

Affects other organs
Yes	162	45.3
No	73	20.4
Don’t know	123	34.4

Cirrhosis and liver cancer
Yes	181	50.6
No	12	3.4
Don’t know	165	46.1

Liver inflammation
Yes	252	70.4
No	12	3.4
Don’t know	94	26.3

Carriers as risk
Yes	301	84.1
No	19	5.3
Don’t know	38	10.6

Curability
Yes	184	51.4
No	110	30.7
Don’t know	64	17.9

Association of Knowledge with Selected Socio Demographic Variables.

Variables	Knowledge Score			Chi value (x²)	P-value
Variables	Good, n (%)	Average, n (%)	Poor, n (%)	Chi value (x²)	P-value
Age group
<19	35 (53.0)	20 (30.3)	11 (16.7)
20–26	71 (31.6)	86 (38.2)	68 (30.2)	18.809	0.001
>27	0 (0.0)	8 (57.1)	6 (42.9)

Sex
Males	25 (26.3)	57 (60.0)	13 (13.7)	4.9183	0.086
Females	42 (16.0)	181 (68.8)	40 (15.2)

Religion
Christianity	65 (18.7)	232 (66.7)	51 (14.7)
Islam	2 (28.6)	13(42.9)	2 (28.6)	3.3670	0.498
Others	0 (0.00)	3 (100.0)	0 (0.0)

Ethnicity
Ewe	40 (17.2)	155 (66.8)	37 (16.0)
Ga	5 (17.9)	17 (60.7)	6 (21.4)	3.7998	0.704
Akan	15 (22.7)	45 (68.2)	6 (9.1)
Others	7 (21.9)	21 (65.6)	4 (12.5)

Marital status
Single	65 (19.0)	225 (66.0)	51 (15.0)
Married	0 (0.00)	7 (87.5)	1 (12.5)	2.2396	0.692
Cohabiting	2 (22.2)	6 (66.7)	1 (11.1)

Employment status
Employed	3 (12.0)	19 (76.0)	3 (12.0)	1.1567	0.561
Unemployed	64 (19.2)	219 (65.8)	50 (15.0)

Region of residence
Volta	50 (20.5)	160 (65.6)	34 (13.9)
Accra	9 (13.6)	48 (72.7)	9 (13.6)
Eastern	5 (16.1)	18 (58.1)	8 (25.8)	7.2534	0.840
Western	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)
Central	1 (11.1)	7 (77.8)	1 (11.1)
Northern	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Ashanti	1 (25.0)	2 (50.0)	1 (25.0)

Address
Urban	47 (17.5)	179 (66.8)	42 (15.7)	1.3471	0.510
Rural	20 (22.2)	59 (65.6)	11 (12.2)

Program of study
RGN	35 (19.1)	114 (62.3)	34 (18.6)
RCN	19 (17.1)	82 (73.9)	10 (9.0)	5.9605	0.202
NAP	13 (20.3)	42 (65.6)	9 (14.1)

Level of study
1st yea^r	9 (6.0)	104 (69.8)	36 (24.2)
2nd year	20 (14.6)	103 (75.2)	14 (10.2)	82.6787	0.000
3r^d year	38 (52.8)	31 (43.1)	3 (4.2)

Distribution of Participants’ Attitudes Toward Hepatitis B.

Variables	Frequencies	Percentages
Multiple sex partners
Yes	33	10.8
No	272	89.2

Unprotected sex
Yes	72	23.8
No	231	76.2

Use sterile syringe
Always	179	83.3
Sometimes	19	8.8
Don’t remember	17	7.9

Use sterile gloves
Yes	163	75.8
No	52	24.2

Recapped needles
Yes	148	68.8
No	67	31.2

Needle prick injuries
Yes	57	26.5
No	158	73.5

Splash blood or body fluid on skin
Yes	23	10.6
No	171	79.7
Don’t know	21	9.7

Tested after splash and needle prick injury
Yes	21	26.9
No	57	73.1

Control guidelines protects one from HBV
Yes	215	71.7
No	24	8.00
Not sure	61	20.3

Vaccine expensive
Yes	168	50.3
No	128	38.3
Don’t know	38	11.4

Willing to test for HBV
Yes	306	94.2
No	19	5.9

Self-perceived risk of HBV
No risk	84	21.2
Risk	205	57.3
Don’t know	77	21.5

Association of Knowledge with Attitudes.

Variables	Knowledge Score			Chi value (x²)	P-value
Variables	Good, n (%)	Average, n (%)	Poor, n (%)	Chi value (x²)	P-value
Multiple sex partners
Yes	9 (27.3)	22 (66.7)	2 (6.1)	2.6840	0.261
No	51 (18.8)	181 (66.5)	40 (14.7)

Unprotected sex
Yes	20 (27.8)	45 (62.5)	7 (9.7)	4.4108	0.110
No	40 (17.3)	156 (67.5)	35 (15.2)

Use sterile syringe
Always	50 (27.9)	115 (64.3)	14 (7.8)
Sometimes	8 (42.1)	10 (52.6)	1 (5.3)	4.4243	0.352
Don’t remember	2 (11.8)	4 (82.4)	1 (5.9)

Use sterile gloves
Yes	46 (28.2)	106 (65.0)	11 (6.8)	0.4742	0.789
No	14 (26.9)	33 (63.5)	5 (9.6)

Recapped needles
Yes	49 (33.1)	86 (58.1)	13 (8.8)	8.8978	0.012
No	11 (16.4)	53 (79.1)	3 (4.5)

Needle prick injuries
Yes	16 (28.1)	37 (64.9)	22 (7.0)	0.0203	0.990
No	44 (27.9)	102 (64.6)	12 (7.6)

Splash blood or body fluid on skin
Yes	6 (26.1)	14 (60.9)	3 (13.0)
No	50 (28.9)	111 (64.2)	12 (6.9)	7.6245	0.471
Don’t know	5 (23.8)	15 (71.4)	1 (4.8)

Tested after splash and needle prick injury
Yes	6 (28.6)	15 (71.4)	0 (0.00)	3.0439	0.218
No	17 (29.8)	33 (57.9)	7 (12.2)

Control guidelines protects one from
Yes	49 (22.8)	139 (64.7)	27 (12.6)
No	6 (25.0)	17 (70.8)	1 (4.2)	9.3008	0.054
Not sure	5 (8.2)	44 (72.1)	12 (19.7)

Vaccine expensive
Yes	34 (20.2)	114 (67.9)	20 (11.9)
No	28 (21.9)	86 (67.12)	14 (10.9)	13.2234	0.010
Don’t know	3 (7.9)	23 (60.5)	12 (31.6)

Willing to test for HBV
Yes	60 (19.6)	204 (66.7)	42 (13.7)	0.6656	0.717
No	5 (26.3)	11 (57.9)	3 (15.8)

Self-perceived risk of HBV
No risk	16 (19.0)	52 (61.9)	16 (19.0)
Risk	45 (22.0)	134 (65.4)	26 (12.7)	15.4601	0.051
Don’t know	6 (7.8)	52 (67.5)	19 (24.7)