Figure 1
Participant characteristics by country and professional role.
(a) Distribution of participants by country of origin.
(b) Distribution of participants by professional role within the multidisciplinary cardiac team. Data are presented for all respondents (n = 28).
Table 1
Quantitative evaluation of mission domains using Likert‑scale responses. Summary of participant responses to the Singapore–Papua New Guinea cardiac surgery mission evaluation (n = 28). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) based on 5‑point Likert‑scale ratings (1 = strongly disagree/very poor, 5 = strongly agree/excellent). Domains assessed include overall experience, pre‑mission planning, intraoperative workflow, post‑operative care, education and capacity building, collaboration, sustainability and team well‑being. Higher scores indicate more favourable perceptions.
| DOMAIN | MEAN ± SD |
|---|---|
| Overall experience | |
| Objective | 4.32 ± 0.94 |
| Communication | 3.86 ± 1.08 |
| Roles and responsibilities | 3.71 ± 1.01 |
| Clinical workload | 4.21 ± 0.99 |
| Overall | 4.61 ± 1.07 |
| Pre‑mission planning and preparation | |
| Adequate briefing | 4.04 ± 1.14 |
| Appropriate case selection | 4.39 ± 1.03 |
| Sufficient preoperative patient information | 3.89 ± 1.17 |
| Adequate equipment and consumable planning | 3.93 ± 1.05 |
| Well‑organized travel, lodging and logistics | 4.14 ± 1.04 |
| Intraoperative and clinical workflow | |
| Efficient operating theatre flow | 3.86 ± 1.11 |
| Effective operating theatre teamwork | 4.14 ± 0.97 |
| Collaborative decision‑making | 4.32 ± 0.94 |
| Patient safety standards | 4.32 ± 0.98 |
| Post‑operative care and ICU management | |
| Clear post‑operative care protocols | 2.86 ± 1.33 |
| Effective handover | 3.68 ± 1.22 |
| Adequate ICU staffing and resources | 3.43 ± 1.29 |
| Well‑coordinated complication management | 3.46 ± 1.07 |
| Education, skills transfer and capacity building | |
| Adequate teaching and learning opportunities | 4.14 ± 0.93 |
| Bi‑directional knowledge exchange | 4.04 ± 1.07 |
| Cultural and professional collaboration | |
| Collegial and respectful working relationship | 4.43 ± 0.92 |
| Sustainability and long‑term Impact | |
| Mission aligns with long‑term PNG goals | 4.57 ± 0.96 |
| Sustainable system locally | 3.86 ± 1.01 |
| Realistic and achievable follow‑up plan | 3.96 ± 1.07 |
| Well‑being and team support | |
| Manageable workload | 4.18 ± 1.09 |
| Adequate rest and recovery | 3.68 ± 1.19 |
| Sufficient emotional and psychological support | 3.89 ± 1.26 |