Table 1
Demographic and professional characteristics of participants (N = 172).
| VARIABLE | CATEGORY | N | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital | Al‑Shifa Medical Complex | 74 | 43.0 |
| Patient Friend’s Benevolent Society | 44 | 25.6 | |
| Al‑Ahli Arab Hospital | 23 | 13.4 | |
| Public Aid Hospital | 13 | 7.6 | |
| Al‑Helou International Hospital | 18 | 10.5 | |
| Department | PICU | 27 | 15.7 |
| OR | 53 | 30.8 | |
| ER | 37 | 21.5 | |
| Other | 54 | 31.4 | |
| Job title | Practical nurse | 31 | 18.0 |
| Registered nurse | 122 | 70.9 | |
| Supervisor | 8 | 4.7 | |
| Head nurse | 10 | 5.8 | |
| Education | Diploma | 32 | 18.6 |
| Bachelor | 119 | 69.2 | |
| Master or above | 21 | 12.2 | |
| Gender | Male | 102 | 59.3 |
| Female | 70 | 40.7 | |
| Marital status | Married | 132 | 76.7 |
| Single | 36 | 20.9 | |
| Divorced/Widowed | 4 | 2.3 | |
| BMI category | Underweight | 5 | 2.9 |
| Normal | 113 | 65.7 | |
| Overweight | 44 | 25.6 | |
| Obese | 10 | 5.8 | |
| Years of experience | Mean ± SD | 9.2 ± 5.8 | 1–27 |
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 33.1 ± 6.2 | R(22–56) |
| Displacement during war | Mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 4.6 | R(0–20) |
[i] R: Range, SD: Standard deviation.
Figure 1
Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms by body region (N = 172).
Figure 2
Mean pain intensity and work absence by body region (N = 172).
Figure 3
Distribution of musculoskeletal pain by body side (N = 172).
Figure 4
Work limitations reported by participants with MSDs. Limitations include absenteeism, reduced productivity, and changes in work tasks.
Table 2
Relationship between participants characteristics and work‑related factor with musculoskeletal disorders among nurses (N = 172) by chi‑squared.
| VARIABLE | CATEGORY | MSDs, YES | MSDs, NO | χ² | χ² P‑VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education | Diploma | 31 | 1 | 0.936 | 0.884* |
| Bachelor | 110 | 9 | |||
| Master or above | 20 | 1 | |||
| Job title | Practical nurse | 30 | 1 | 0.770 | 0.919* |
| Registered nurse | 114 | 8 | |||
| Supervisor | 8 | 0 | |||
| Head nurse | 9 | 1 | |||
| Gender | Male | 97 | 5 | 3.5 | 0.334 |
| Female | 64 | 6 | |||
| Marital status | Married | 127 | 5 | 6.4 | 0.011 |
| Unmarried | 34 | 6 | |||
| BMI | Underweight | 5 | 0 | 4.7 | 0.134* |
| Normal | 103 | 10 | |||
| Overweight | 44 | 0 | |||
| Obese | 9 | 1 | |||
| Work‑related factors | |||||
| Overtime | No | 22 | 2 | 0.770 | 0.676 |
| Yes | 139 | 9 | |||
| Workspace | No | 109 | 6 | 0.175 | 0.370 |
| Yes | 52 | 5 | |||
| Lumbar support | No | 50 | 2 | 0.809 | 0.368 |
| Yes | 111 | 9 | |||
| Adjustable bench | No | 61 | 3 | 0.496 | 0.481 |
| Yes | 100 | 8 | |||
| Posture freedom | No | 85 | 5 | 0.012 | 0.910 |
| Yes | 76 | 6 | |||
| Same posture | No | 100 | 8 | 0.496 | 0.481 |
| Yes | 61 | 3 | |||
| Uncomfortable posture | No | 41 | 4 | 0.633 | 0.426 |
| Yes | 120 | 7 | |||
| Cold environment | No | 102 | 8 | 0.392 | 0.531 |
| Yes | 59 | 3 | |||
| Humid environment | No | 52 | 6 | 2.2 | 0.131 |
| Yes | 109 | 5 | |||
| Enough rest | No | 40 | 5 | 2.26 | 0.132 |
| Yes | 121 | 6 | |||
| Regular rest breaks | No | 53 | 4 | 0.055 | 0.814 |
| Yes | 108 | 7 | |||
| Stress | No | 32 | 4 | 1.6 | 0.193 |
| Yes | 129 | 7 | |||
| High work pace | No | 35 | 6 | 6.1 | 0.013* |
| Yes | 126 | 5 | |||
[i] *Fisher exact was used for Marital, BMI, and Job title because some cells have small expected counts.
Table 3
Relationship between participants characteristics and work‑related factor with musculoskeletal disorders among nurses (N = 172) by t‑test.
| CONTINUOUS VARIABLE | MEAN ± SD (MSDs, YES) | MEAN ± SD (MSDs, NO) | T‑TEST | P‑VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33.1 ± 6.2 | 32 ± 5.9 | −0.489 | 0.688 |
| Experience (years) | 9.3 ± 5.5 | 7.8 ± 6.5 | −0.797 | 0.787 |
| Displacement (episode) | 7 ± 4.6 | 5.7 ± 4.3 | −0.891 | 0.813 |
| Working hours per day | 11.2 ± 5.4 | 10.7 ±3.9 | −0.295 | 0.616 |
Table 4
Predictors of musculoskeletal disorders count (number of affected body regions).
| VARIABLE | UNIVARIABLE IRR (95% CI) | P‑VALUE | MULTIVARIABLE aIRR (95% CI) | P‑VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital status (married vs. not married) | 0.73 (0.59 –0.92) | 0.007 | 0.71 (0.57–0.88) | 0.002 |
| BMI category | 0.88 (0.76 –1.02) | 0.089 | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 0.058 |
| Adequate rest (yes vs. no) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.079 | 0.82 (0.67–0.99) | 0.045 |
| Humid work environment (yes vs. no) | 1.26 (1.04–1.54) | 0.018 | 1.24 (1.03–1.50) | 0.026 |
| Work‑related stress (yes vs. no) | 1.15 (0.91–1.44) | 0.235 | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 0.833 |
| Hard work pace (yes vs. no) | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) | 0.076 | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 0.646 |
[i] aIRR: adjusted incidence rate ratios.