Table 1
Step‑by‑step procedure for validating the 60‑item brief COPE.
Table 2
Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents.
| VARIABLE | MALE | FEMALE | OVERALL | TEST STAT | p‑VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of caregiver (mean, SD) | 37.3 (12.2) | 33.5 (11.4) | 34.7 (11.8) | 3.181 | 0.002 |
| Age of patient (mean, SD) | 38.0 (24.1) | 32.0 (22.7) | 35.4 (23.6) | 2.506 | 0.013 |
| Occupation (%, N) | – | 19.114 | 0.014 | ||
| Farmer | 59 (34.3) | 113 (65.7) | 173 (39.9) | ||
| Business | 32 (28.6) | 80 (71.4) | 113 (26.0) | ||
| Others | 49 (0.0) | 98 (100) | 1 (0.23) | ||
| Distance to nearest HC (%, N) | – | 7.298 | 0.199 | ||
| Less than 20 km | 12164 (37.2) | 228,108 (62.7) | 349,172 (40.1) | ||
| More than 20 km | 18 (24) | 57 (76) | 75 (17.6) | ||
| Non‑response | 1 (14.2) | 6 (85.7) | 7 (1.62) | ||
| Education level (%, N) | – | 20.730 | 0.004 | ||
| Primary level | 47 (29.94) | 118 (70.0) | 157 (36.94) | ||
| Secondary school level | 50 (29.31) | 97 (70.69) | 147 (27.29) | ||
| Completion of certificate course | 22 (37.92) | 36 (62.07) | 58 (13.65) | ||
| University education | 11 (40.74) | 20 (59.26) | 31(6.35) | ||
| Non‑response | 10 | 30 (16.7) | 40 (1.39) | ||
| Disability (%, N) | – | 1.702 | 0.427 | ||
| No | 136 (32.5) | 282 (67.5) | 420 (97.7) | ||
| Yes | 4.0 (40) | 6.0 (60) | 10 (2.3) | ||
| Non‑response | 0 (.0) | 3.0 (100) | 3 (0.69) | ||
| Level income (000) (median, range) | 309710.7 (402374.1) | 276182.6 (555397.6) | 150,000 (300–5,000,000 | .588 | 0.557 |
| Religion (%, N) | – | 16.417 | 0.006 | ||
| Anglican | 62 (41.6) | 87 (58.4) | 152 (36.1) | ||
| Roman Catholic | 49 (33.3) | 98 (66.7) | 147 (34.9) | ||
| Moslem | 5 (11.4) | 39 (88.6) | 44 (10.5) | ||
| Born again | 19 (26) | 54 (74) | 73 (17.3) | ||
| Seventh day Adventist | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 5 (1.2) | ||
| Non‑response | 4 (30.7) | 9 (69.3) | 13 (3.01) | ||
| Type of CA (%, N) | |||||
| Breast cancer | 11 (31.4) | 24 (68.6) | 35 (8.1) | ||
| Colorectal cancer | 6 (40) | 9 (60) | 16 (3.7) | ||
| Prostate cancer | 13 (48.1) | 14 (51.8) | 27 (6.2) | ||
| Cervical cancer | 18 (27.7) | 47 (72.3) | 65 (15.0) | ||
| Leukemia | 28 (35.4) | 51 (64.5) | 80 (18.5) | ||
| Head and neck Cancer | 14 (31.8) | 30 (68.2) | 45 (10.4) | ||
| Childhood cancer | 2 (12.5) | 14 (87.5) | 16 (3.7) | ||
| Not known | 48 (31.6) | 102 (68.4) | 150 (34.4) | ||
| Stage of CA (%, N) | – | 10.495 | 0.033 | ||
| Early stage | 37 (45.1) | 45 (54.9) | 82 (19.3) | ||
| Late stage | 35 (34.3) | 67 (65.7) | 104 (24.4) | ||
| Terminal stage | 11 (31.4) | 24 (68.6) | 36 (8.5) | ||
| Not known | 57 (26.1) | 155 (73.9) | 213 (47.9) |
Figure 1
Coping mechanism applied by caregivers.
Table 3
Internal consistency testing results of the COPE instrument.
| TOOLS USED | SUBSCALES OF THE TOOLS | NAMES OF THE SUBSCALES | CRONBACH’S α |
|---|---|---|---|
| COPE | Subscale 1 Subscale 2 Subscale 3 | Problem‑solving Denial Active coping | 0.91 0.92 0.91 |
Table 4
Factor analysis results of the COPE instrument.
| VARIABLES | FACTOR 1 | FACTOR 2 | FACTOR 3 | UNIQUENESS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cope1new | –0.4554 | –0.3300 | –0.0747 | 0.6782 |
| cope2new | –0.0749 | –0.3468 | 0.1719 | 0.8446 |
| cope3new | –0.2491 | –0.6694 | 0.0335 | 0.4887 |
| cope4new | 0.4527 | 0.2179 | 0.0896 | 0.7395 |
| cope5new | 0.4488 | 0.2990 | –0.0082 | 0.7091 |
| cope6new | –0.1968 | –0.5000 | 0.1966 | 0.6726 |
| cope7new | 0.5742 | –0.0522 | –0.0226 | 0.6671 |
| cope8new | –0.1180 | –0.5648 | 0.0287 | 0.6663 |
| cope9new | 0.3302 | 0.4935 | 0.0440 | 0.6455 |
| cope10new | 0.5373 | 0.2186 | 0.2095 | 0.6196 |
| cope11new | 0.5643 | 0.3253 | 0.1095 | 0.5638 |
| cope12new | 0.6392 | 0.1766 | 0.0809 | 0.5537 |
| cope13new | –0.5022 | –0.2357 | 0.0270 | 0.6915 |
| cope14new | 0.1737 | 0.6241 | –0.1690 | 0.5518 |
| cope15new | –0.2524 | –0.5826 | 0.0655 | 0.5926 |
| cope16new | 0.5619 | 0.0061 | –0.0695 | 0.6794 |
| cope17new | 0.5603 | 0.2653 | 0.1376 | 0.5967 |
| cope18new | 0.3936 | 0.3856 | 0.1355 | 0.6781 |
| cope19new | –0.2499 | –0.5222 | –0.1710 | 0.6356 |
| cope20new | 0.5432 | 0.2294 | 0.1766 | 0.6212 |
| cope21new | –0.0523 | –0.6014 | –0.1325 | 0.6180 |
| cope22new | 0.2511 | 0.4329 | 0.1532 | 0.7260 |
| cope23new | –0.0129 | 0.6048 | –0.1624 | 0.6076 |
| cope24new | 0.3361 | 0.4173 | –0.0998 | 0.7030 |
| cope25new | 0.4205 | 0.3797 | 0.0557 | 0.6759 |
| cope26new | 0.4627 | 0.1300 | 0.0151 | 0.7688 |
| cope27new | –0.0520 | –0.5594 | –0.1294 | 0.6677 |
| cope28new | 0.5038 | 0.2835 | 0.1258 | 0.6500 |
| cope29new | 0.4519 | 0.3183 | 0.0551 | 0.6914 |
| cope30new | 0.4877 | 0.2465 | 0.1394 | 0.6820 |
| cope31new | –0.1215 | –0.6139 | –0.0037 | 0.6084 |
| cope32new | 0.2983 | 0.3055 | –0.1571 | 0.7930 |
| cope33new | 0.5930 | 0.0902 | –0.1790 | 0.6081 |
| cope34new | –0.1201 | –0.5213 | 0.4089 | 0.5466 |
| cope35new | 0.4592 | 0.2887 | –0.0773 | 0.6998 |
| cope36new | 0.5022 | 0.2417 | –0.2856 | 0.6078 |
| cope37new | 0.0685 | 0.2909 | –0.3238 | 0.8058 |
| cope38new | 0.5185 | 0.1527 | –0.0468 | 0.7056 |
| cope39new | 0.5833 | 0.1601 | –0.0059 | 0.6341 |
| cope40new | –0.3463 | –0.3208 | 0.1487 | 0.7551 |
| cope41new | 0.5170 | 0.3031 | –0.0742 | 0.6353 |
| cope42new | 0.3948 | –0.0202 | –0.0508 | 0.8412 |
| cope43new | –0.3585 | –0.4176 | 0.2392 | 0.6399 |
| cope44new | –0.1453 | –0.5623 | 0.0518 | 0.6600 |
| cope45new | 0.6073 | 0.3071 | –0.0624 | 0.5330 |
| cope46new | 0.5168 | 0.1727 | –0.2020 | 0.6624 |
| cope47new | –0.4410 | –0.2895 | 0.2272 | 0.6701 |
| cope48new | 0.5245 | 0.2627 | –0.1285 | 0.6393 |
| cope49new | –0.1640 | –0.3377 | 0.2449 | 0.7991 |
| cope50new | 0.6206 | 0.0757 | –0.1606 | 0.5833 |
| cope51new | 0.6768 | 0.0146 | –0.0989 | 0.5320 |
| cope52new | 0.5995 | 0.0393 | –0.1887 | 0.6035 |
Figure 2
Strategic application of the Brief COPE in hospitals for cancer caregivers.