Figure 1
Reported heat‑related fatalities among U.S. construction workers, 2011–2022.
Figure 2
Heat stress prevention conceptual map to advance construction workers’ health, safety, and well‑being.
Note: PH: public health; EOHS: environmental and occupational health and safety; HS: heat stress; PPE: personal protective equipment (cooling vests); WBGT: Wet‑bulb Globe Temperature; AKI: acute kidney injury; HRIs: heat‑related injury and illness.
Table 1
Heat stress programs/interventions within the construction sector as derived from a systematic review.
| IDENTIFIED CHARACTERISTICS/ INTERVENTION | AUTHORS (N = 12) |
|---|---|
| Environmental monitoring | Ahmed et al. [16]; Al‑Bouwarthan et al. [17]; Ashtekar et al. [18]; Chan et al. [19]; El‑Shafei et al. [20]; Farshad et al. [21]; Montazer et al. [22]; Ueno et al. [23]; Yang & Chan [24]; Yasmeen et al. [25]; Zhao et al. [26] (n = 11) |
| Acclimatization | Al‑Bouwarthan et al. [17]; Ashtekar et al. [18]; El‑Shafei et al. [20]; Ueno et al. [23]; Yang & Chan [24]; Yasmeen et al. [25]; Zhao et al. [26] (n = 7) |
| Hydration practices (water) | Al‑Bouwarthan et al. [17]; Ashtekar et al. [18]; El‑Shafei et al. [20]; Farshad et al. [21]; Montazer et al. [22]; Ueno et al. [23]; Yang & Chan [24]; Yasmeen et al. [25]; Zhao et al. [26] (n = 9) |
| Rest breaks/lunch breaks | Ahmed et al. [16]; Al‑Bouwarthan et al. [17]; Ashtekar et al. [18]; Chan et al. [19]; El‑Shafei et al. [20]; Montazer et al. [22]; Ueno et al. [23]; Yang & Chan [24]; Yasmeen et al. [25]; Zhao et al. [26] (n = 10) |
| Cooling practice measures (PPE) | Ashtekar et al. [18]; Chan et al. [19]; Yang & Chan [24]; Zhao et al. [26] (n = 4) |
| Training | El‑Shafei et al. [20] (n = 1) |
Figure 3
Heat stress safety management framework.