Table 1
Presence of opportunistic infection by sociodemographic characteristics among newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients at the Fevers Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, 2018–2019 (n = 423).
| SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS | TOTAL n(%) | CATEGORY | OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS (%) | P-VALUE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YES | NO | ||||
| Sex | 128 | Male | 55(43.0) | 73(57.0) | 0.326 |
| 295 | Female | 111(37.9) | 182(62.1) | ||
| Age (years) | 5 | <20 | 1(20.0) | 4(80.0) | 0.337 |
| 77 | 20–29 | 23(30.3) | 53(69.7) | ||
| 137 | 30–39 | 57(41.9) | 79(58.1) | ||
| 115 | 40–49 | 50(43.5) | 65(56.5) | ||
| 64 | 50–59 | 23(35.9) | 41(64.1) | ||
| 25 | 60+ | 12(48.0) | 13(52.0) | ||
| Marital Status | 15 | Cohabited | 6(40.0) | 9(60.0) | 0.979 |
| 31 | Divorced | 13(41.9) | 18(58.1) | ||
| 169 | Married | 62(36.9) | 106(63.1) | ||
| 176 | Never married | 72(41.1) | 103(58.9) | ||
| 2 | Separated | 1(50.0) | 1(50.0) | ||
| 30 | Widowed | 12(40.0) | 18(60.0) | ||
| Level of education | 46 | No formal education | 18(39.1) | 28(60.9) | 0.140 |
| 42 | Primary | 21(50.0) | 21(50.0) | ||
| 108 | Secondary | 44(40.7) | 64(59.3) | ||
| 157 | Tertiary | 63(40.6) | 92(59.4) | ||
| 68 | Vocational | 18(26.5) | 50(73.5) | ||
| Occupation | 70 | Unemployed | 46(65.71) | 24(34.3) | 0.453 |
| 29 | Student | 18(62.1) | 11(37.9) | ||
| 195 | Self-Employed | 108(55.4) | 87(44.6) | ||
| 118 | Employed | 71(60.2) | 47(39.8) | ||
| 9 | Retired | 4(44.4) | 5(56.6) | ||
| 2 | Other | 0(0.0) | 2(100.0) | ||
| Entry Point | 82 | External referral | 43(52.4) | 39(47.6) | 0.001 |
| 278 | Internal referral | 110(39.9) | 166(60.1) | ||
| 63 | Walk ins | 13(20.6) | 50(79.4) | ||
| Number of OIs | 256 | 0 | 0(0.0) | 256(100.0) | 0.000 |
| 140 | 1 | 140(100.0) | 0(0.0) | ||
| 24 | 2 | 24(100.0) | 0(0.0) | ||
| 3 | 3 | 3(100.0) | 0(0.0) | ||
| WHO stage | 193 | Stage I | 15(7.8) | 176(92.2) | 0.000 |
| 59 | Stage II | 31(52.5) | 28(47.5) | ||
| 96 | Stage III | 59(61.5) | 37(38.5) | ||
| 73 | Stage IV | 61(83.6) | 12(16.4) | ||
Table 2
Incidence and Types of Opportunistic Infections of Newly Diagnosed HIV/aids patients At The Fevers unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, 2018–2019.
| TYPE OF OI | FREQUENCY (N) | PERCENTAGE |
|---|---|---|
| Anogenital Warts | 1 | 0.6% |
| Candidiasis (oro-pharyngeal-esophageal) | 63 | 36.9% |
| Carbuncle | 1 | 0.6% |
| Cerebral Toxoplasmosis | 33 | 19.9% |
| Chronic Gastroenteritis | 9 | 5.4% |
| Cryptococcal Meningitis | 1 | 0.6% |
| Furunculosis | 1 | 0.6% |
| Genital Herpes | 4 | 2.4% |
| Herpes Zoster | 1 | 0.6% |
| Lymphoma | 2 | 1.2% |
| Oral hairy leukoplakia | 1 | 0.6% |
| Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia | 6 | 3.6% |
| Pneumonia | 8 | 4.8% |
| Pruritic Papular Dermatitis | 18 | 10.8% |
| Pulmonary Tuberculosis | 11 | 6.6% |
| Syphilis | 3 | 1.8% |
| Tuberculous meningitis | 1 | 0.6% |
| Vulvovaginitis | 2 | 1.2% |
| Total | 166 | 100.0% |
Table 3
Predictors of presence of opportunistic infections among newly infected HIV/AIDS patients, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital 2018–2019.
| SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS | CATEGORY | cOR(95% CI) | aOR(95% CI) | P-VALUE (aOR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 1 | 1 | |
| Female | 0.74[0.49–1.14] | 0.49[0.28–0.86] | 0.013 | |
| Occupation | Unemployed | 1 | 1 | |
| Student | 1.17[0.48–2.87] | 3.78[1.17–12.21] | 0.026 | |
| Self-Employed | 1.54[0.87–2.87] | 3.63[1.71–12.21] | 0.001 | |
| Employed | 1.27[0.68–2.35] | 2.50[1.11–5.61] | 0.026 | |
| Retired | 2.39[0.58–9.75] | 3.26[0.55–19.18] | 0.192 | |
| Other | ||||
| Marital status | Cohabited | 1 | 1 | |
| Divorced | 0.1.60[0.45–5.58] | 1.64[0.34–7.86] | 0.536 | |
| Married | 0.97[0.33–2.86] | 1.41[0.37–5.40] | 0.612 | |
| Never married | 1.04[0.35–3.07] | 1.68[0.44–6.45] | 0.446 | |
| Separated | 1.50[0.08–28.89] | 0.92[0.03–26.49.] | 0.961 | |
| Widowed | 1.00[0.28–3.54] | 1.61[0.33–1.79] | 0.553 | |
| WHO stage | Stage I–II | 1 | 1 | |
| Stage III–IV | 12.45[7.80–19.88] | 15.88[9.41–26–79] | <0.001 |