References
- 1Central Intelligence Agency.
Pakistan . The World Factbook.https://www.cia.gov/the-worldfactbook/countries/pakistan/ . Published 2022. - 2Zaidi SA, Bigdeli M, Langlois EV, et al. Health systems changes after decentralization: progress, challenges and dynamics in Pakistan. BMJ Glob Health. 2019; 4(1):
e001013 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001013 - 3World Health Organization.
Pakistan Health Financing System Review 2019 . Geneva; 2019.https://phkh.nhsrc.pk/sites/default/files/2021-07/Pakistan_Health_Financing_System_Review_WHO_2019.pdf . - 4Meara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, et al. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. Lancet. 2015; 386(9993): 569–624. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60160-X
- 5Farmer PE, Kim JY. Surgery and global health: a view from beyond the OR. World J Surg. 2008; 32(4): 533–536. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9525-9
- 6Shrime MG, Dare AJ, Alkire BC, et al. Catastrophic expenditure to pay for surgery worldwide: a modeling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3(Suppl 2): S38–44. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70085-9
- 7Anderson GA, Ilcisin L, Kayima P, et al. Out-of-pocket payment for surgery in Uganda: The rate of impoverishing and catastrophic expenditure at a government hospital. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(10):
e0187293 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187293 - 8National Surgical Planning Resources | pgssc. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://www.pgssc.org/national-surgical-planning . - 9Holmer H, Bekele A, Hagander L, et al. Evaluating the collection, comparability and findings of six global surgery indicators. Br J Surg. 2019; 106(2): e138–e150. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11061
- 10PPP conversion factor, private consumption (LCU per international $) – Pakistan | Data. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PRVT.PP?locations=PK . - 11Poverty gap at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (%) | Data. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.LMIC.GP . - 12Towards A Stable Economy And Politics – PIDE. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://pide.org.pk/research/towards-a-stable-economy-and-politics/ . - 13Risk of impoverishing expenditure for surgical care (% of people at risk) | Data. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.SGR.IRSK.ZS . - 14Risk of catastrophic expenditure for surgical care (% of people at risk) | Data. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.SGR.CRSK.ZS . - 15Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009; 42(2): 377–381. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
- 16Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019; 95: 103208. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208
- 17Stata | FAQ: Citing Stata software, documentation, and FAQs. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://www.stata.com/support/faqs/resources/citing-software-documentation-faqs/ . - 18Ahmed M, Shah M, Luby S, et al. Survey of surgical emergencies in a rural population in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Trop Med Int Health. 1999; 4(12): 846–857. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00490.x
- 19Samad L, Jawed F, Sajun SZ, et al. Barriers to accessing surgical care: a cross-sectional survey conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. World J Surg. 2013; 37(10): 2313–2321. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-013-2129-z
- 20Khanapure S, Nagral S, Nanavati AJ. A study of events between the onset of symptoms and hospital admission in patients with acute abdomen. Natl Med J India. 2017; 30(2): 65–68.
- 21Danish A. A retrospective case series study for acute abdomen in general surgery ward of Aliabad Teaching Hospital. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022; 73: 103199. DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103199
- 22Barnes-Josiah D, Myntti C, Augustin A. The ‘three delays’ as a framework for examining maternal mortality in Haiti. Soc Sci Med. 1998; 46(8): 981–993. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)10018-1
- 23Khan MS, Haider SA, Ashfaq A, et al. Geospatial mapping of patients presenting for Emergency Laparotomy to a Private Sector Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019; 69(Suppl 1): S37–S40.
- 24Shah N, Hossain N, Shoaib R, et al. Socio-demographic characteristics and the three delays of maternal mortality. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009; 19(2): 95–98. DOI:
https://doi.org/02.2009/JCPSP.9598 - 25Sanchos J, Sequeira P.
Health Facility Assessment Pakistan National Report . Lahore; 2012.https://docplayer.net/25154130-Health-facilityassessment-pakistan-nationalreport-trf-technical-resourcefacility.html . - 26Ihsan A, Muhammad N, Fatima B, et al.
Need Assessment of Trauma Centres in Punjab . Punjab Economic Research Institute; 2018. - 27Irfan FB, Irfan BB, Spiegel DA. Barriers to accessing surgical care in Pakistan: healthcare barrier model and quantitative systematic review. J Surg Res. 2012; 176(1): 84–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.046
- 28Xu K, Evans DB, Kawabata K, et al. Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis. Lancet. 2003; 362(9378): 111–117. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13861-5
- 29Ezat Wan Puteh S, Almualm Y. Catastrophic Health Expenditure among Developing Countries. Health Syst Policy Res. 2017; 04(01). DOI: 10.21767/2254-9137.100069
- 30Issac A, Chatterjee S, Srivastava A, et al. Out of pocket expenditure to deliver at public health facilities in India: a cross sectional analysis. Reprod Health. 2016; 13(1): 99. DOI: 10.1186/s12978-016-0221-1
- 31Social Protection in Pakistan. Accessed March 18, 2022.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan/brief/social-protection-in-pakistan . - 32van Duinen AJ, Westendorp J, Ashley T, et al. Catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment after cesarean section in Sierra Leone: An evaluation of the free health care initiative. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16(10):
e0258532 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258532
