Epidemiologic Profile of Overweight and Obesity in Abidjan, Ivory Coast: A Cross-Sectional Study

Stephane Parfait Sable; Kaina Yan; Apollinaire Yapi; Denise Djokou Kpebo; Kokora Franck Ekou; Puriffine Odile Sassor Ake-Tano; Orsot Ekissi Tetchi; Eugene Yao Konan; Dinard Kouassi; Chengsong Wan

doi:10.5334/aogh.2755

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle of people affected by overweight and obesity.

Demographic characteristics, medical and family history		Number	Percentage (%)
Gender	Female	2,282	86.3
Male	361	13.7
Age	≤24	115	4.4
	25–34	451	17.1
	35–44	867	32.8
45–54	733	27.7
≥55	477	18
Occupation	Agricultural and manual labour	77	2.9
Occupation	Not working	588	22.2
Professional/managerial	1,311	49.6
Sales/trade	667	25.2
Ethnic [Ivoirian = 2410 (91.2%)]	Akan	1,244	51.6
	North Mande	443	18.4
	Krou	351	14.6
Voltaïque	308	12.8
South Mande	64	2.7
Parity (Female = 2282)	Never give birth	519	22.7
Already give birth	1,763	66.3
Residence	Abidjan	2,265	85.7
Other	378	14.3
Previous nutritional disorders	Yes	1,295	49
No	1,348	51
Type of nutritional disorders (n = 1295)	Overeating	1,112	85.9
Nibble	183	14.1
Family history of overweight/obesity	Yes	599	22.7
No	2,044	71.3
Alcohol consumption	Yes	883	33.4
No	1,760	66.6
Tobacco smoking	Yes	180	6.8
No	2,463	93.2
Sport practice	Yes	648	24.5
No	1,995	75.5
Time of sport practice (n = 648)	<150 minutes	365	56.3
≥150 minutes	283	43.7

Table 2

Clinical and biological parameters of people affected by overweight and obesity.

Clinical parameters		Number	Percentage (%)
BMI	Overweight	441	16.7
BMI	Obesity type I	1,008	38.1
Obesity type II	729	27.6
Obesity type III	465	17.6
Waist circumference	Normal	339	12.8
High	2,304	87.2

Biologic abnormalities of people affected by overweight and obesity in the Ivory Coast followed between 2014 and 2017 in the adult nutrition unit of INSP.

Table 3

Medical complications among people affected by overweight and obesity in the Ivory Coast followed between 2014 and 2017 in the adult nutrition unit of INSP.

Obesity complications		Number	Percentage (%)
Obesity complications	Yes	2,076	78.5
No	567	21.5
Type of affection	Metabolic	1,854	89.3
	Bones and joints	519	25
	Cardio-vascular	83	4
	Digestive	42	2
Gyneco-obstetric	39	1.9
Respiratory	4	0.2
Social and cutaneous	4	0.2

Table 4

Bivariate analysis of sociodemographic characteristics, BMI, and waist circumference.

		BMI			Waist circumference
		Overweight	Obesity	P	Normal	Abnormal	P
Age	≤24 years	19	96	0.640	23	92	0.014
	(16.5%)	(83.5%)	(20.0%)		(80.0%)
	25–34 years	79	372		62	389
	(17.5%)	(82.5%)	(13.7%)		(86.3%)
	35–44 years	153	714		119	748
(17.6%)	(82.4%)	(13.7%)	(86.3%)
45–54 years	121	612	92	641
(16.5%)	(83.5%)	(12.6%)	(87.4%)
≥55 years	69	408	43	434
(14.5%)	(85.5%)	(9.0%)	(91.0%)
Gender	Male	112	249	<0.001	150	211	0.003
Gender	(31.0%)	(69.0%)	(41.6%)	<0.001	(58.4%)		0.003
Female	329	1953	189	2093
(14.4%)	(85.6%)	(8.3%)	(91.7%)
Parity	0	86	433	0.066	68	451	<0.001
Parity	(16.6%)	(83.4%)	(13.1%)	0.066	(86.9%)		<0.001
≥1	243	1520	121	1642
(13.8%)	(86.2%)	(6.9%)	(93.1%)
Occupation	agricultural and manual labour	13	64	<0.001	8	69	<0.001
	(16.9%)	(83.1%)	(10.4%)		(89.6%)
	Unemployed	71	517		58	530
	(12.1%)	(87.9%)	(9.9%)		(90.1%)
professional/managerial	298	1013	236	1075
(22.7%)	(77.3%)	(18.0%)	(82.0%)
Salesperson/trader	59	608	37	630
(8.8%)	(91.2%)	(5.5%)	(94.5%)
Ethnic	Akan	241	1003	0.010	181	1063	0.040
	(19.4%)	(80.6%)	(14.5%)		(85.5%)
	Krou	64	287		55	296
	(18.2%)	(81.8%)	(15.7%)		(84.3%)
	North Mande	58	385		47	396
(13.1%)	(86.9%)	(10.6%)	(89.4%)
South Mande	7	57	10	54
(10.9%)	(89.1%)	(15.6%)	(84.4%)
Voltaïque	44	264	30	278
(14.3%)	(85.7%)	(9.7%)	(90.3%)

Table 5

Bivariate analysis of medical history, lifestyle, BMI, and waist circumference.

Overweight		BMI			Waist circumference
Overweight		Obesity	P	Normal	Abnormal	P
Familial history of obesity	No	381	1663	<0.001	281	1763	0.009
Familial history of obesity	(18.6%)	(81.4%)	(13.7%)	<0.001	(86.3%)		0.009
Yes	60	539	58	541
(10.0%)	(90.0%)	(9.7%)	(90.3%)
Physical activity	No	302	1693	<0.001	218	1777	<0.001
Physical activity	(15.1%)	(84.9%)	(10.9%)	<0.001	(89.1%)		<0.001
Yes	139	509	121	527
(21.5%)	(78.5%)	(18.7%)	(81.3%)
Length of physical activity	<150 minutes	87	278	0.093	72	293	0.440
Length of physical activity	(23.8%)	(76.2%)	(19.7%)	0.093	(80.3%)		0.440
≥150 minutes	52	231	49	234
(18.4%)	(81.6%)	(17.3%)	(82.7%)
Nutritional disorders	No	228	1120	0.750	178	1170	0.550
Nutritional disorders	(16.9%)	(83.1%)	(13.2%)	0.750	(86.8%)		0.550
Yes	213	1082	161	1134
(16.4%)	(83.6%)	(12.4%)	(87.6%)

Table 6

Binary logistic regression of BMI, sociodemographic parameters, medical history, lifestyle, and obesity among patients followed between 2014 and 2017 in the adult nutrition unit of INSP.

		Coefficient	P	OR
Sex	Male (reference)
Female	0.725	<0.001	2.064
Profession			<0.001
	Manager (reference)
	Agriculture	0.41	0.196	1.506
Unemployed	0.598	<0.001	1.818
Sales Person/trader	0.885	<0.001	2.423
Ethnic group			0.063
	Akan (reference)
	Krou	0.119	0.457	1.126
	Voltaique	0.271	0.139	1.311
North Mande	0.384	0.018	1.469
South Mande	0.791	0.057	2.206
Foreigner	0.342	0.128	1.408
Family history of obesity	Yes (reference)
No	–0.671	<0.001	0.511
Sport practice ≥150 min	Yes	–0.323	0.023	0.724
No (reference)
Constant		1.153	<0.001	3.168

Table 7

Binary logistic regression of WC, sociodemographic parameters, medical history, lifestyle, and obesity among patients followed between 2014 and 2017 in the adult nutrition unit of INSP.

		Coefficient	P	OR
Age			0.002
	<25 years (reference)
	25–34 years	0.52	0.107	1.682
35–44 years	0.664	0.032	1.943
45–54 years	0.933	0.004	2.543
≥55 years	1.31	<0.001	3.707
Sex	Male (reference)
Female	1.847	<0.001	6.342
Parity	Never gave birth (reference)
Already gave birth	0.488	0.012	1.629
Sport practice	No (reference)
Yes	–0.295	0.052	0.744
Nutritional disorder	No	–0.294	0.041	0.745
Yes (reference)
Clinical obesity	No (reference)
Yes	2.67	<0.001	14.445
Constant		–2.102	<0.001	0.122