Figure 1
Study Procedures.
Table 1
Facilitator Training Manual Table of Contents.
| 1 | Introduction |
| 2 | Language |
| 3 | Healthy Relationships |
| 4 | Gender Equality |
| 5 | Consent & Communication |
| 6 | Making Choices about Sex |
| 7 | Sexual Harassment* |
| 8 | Prevention of Sexual Harassment* |
| 9 | Self-Care |
| 10 | Facilitation Skill |
| 11 | Resources |
| 12 | Glossary |
| 13 | Appendices |
[i] * Sexual harassment is the umbrella term used to describe any unwanted sexual activity at these institutions (e.g., unwanted sexual comments, unwanted sexual contact, rape).
Table 2
Demographics and Sample Characteristics (n = 23).
| Variable | N | Range | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 23 | 21–33 | 24.4 ± 2.78 |
| Percentage | |||
| Institution | |||
| University of Cape Coast (UCC) | 10 | 43.5 | |
| Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) | 13 | 56.5 | |
| Gender | 23 | ||
| Female | 13 | 56.5 | |
| Male | 10 | 43.5 | |
| Role at the University | |||
| Undergraduate Student | 1 | 4.3 | |
| Senior Medical Student | 13 | 56.5 | |
| Graduate Student | 7 | 30.5 | |
| National Service Participant | 2 | 8.7 | |
| Religion | |||
| Christian | 21 | 91.3 | |
| Muslim | 2 | 8.7 | |
| Religious Attendance Frequency | |||
| More than weekly | 15 | 65.2 | |
| Weekly | 7 | 30.5 | |
| Less than monthly | 1 | 4.3 | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Akan | 13 | 56.5 | |
| Ewe | 3 | 13.2 | |
| Ga/Adangbe | 2 | 8.7 | |
| Nigerian | 2 | 8.7 | |
| Mole-Dagbani | 1 | 4.3 | |
| Chokosi | 1 | 4.3 | |
| Voltarian | 1 | 4.3 |
[i] Note: These data represent the full study-sample of 23 master trainers. Two participants are excluded from the paired t-test analyses due to missing pre-test data.
Table 3
Paired t-test Comparisons of Pre-test and Post-test Scores (n = 21).
| Pre-Test | Post-Test | t-test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Self-Care Knowledge1 | 19.1 | 5.8 | 29.3 | 1.8 | 10.19*** |
| Healthy Relationships Knowledge2 | 22.4 | 1.6 | 24.0 | 0.0 | 1.62*** |
| Sexual Violence Knowledge3 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 9.4 | 1.5 | 1.95*** |
| Sexual Health Knowledge4 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 0.8 | –0.05 |
| Modified Rape Myth Acceptance5 | 80.0 | 15.1 | 93.1 | 12.2 | 13.13*** |
| Gender Equitable Men (GEM) Scale6 | 66.4 | 4.5 | 68.8 | 4.5 | 2.37*** |
| Facilitation Skills7 | 21.3 | 5.9 | 32.5 | 4.6 | 11.19*** |
| Peer Leader Skills8 | 36.3 | 6.8 | 41.5 | 9.6 | 5.17** |
[i] Note: M = Mean. SD = Standard Deviation. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
1 Self-Care Knowledge scale (n = 5), scale range 5–30, higher scores representing greater knowledge of self-care practices.
2 Healthy Relationship Knowledge (n = 8), scale range 8–24, higher scores represent greater healthy relationship knowledge.
3 Sexual Violence Knowledge (n = 2), scale range 2–10, higher scores represent greater sexual violence knowledge.
4 Sexual Health Knowledge (n = 6), with 6 representing highest sexual health knowledge.
5 Modified Rape Myth Acceptance scale (n = 21), scale range 21–105, higher scores represent greater rape myth rejection.
6 Gender Equitable Men (GEM) Scale (n = 24), scale range 24–72, higher scores indicate more equitable gender attitudes.
7 Facilitator Skills scale (n = 7), scale range 5–35, higher scores indicate higher self-reported facilitation skills.
8 Peer Leader Survey (n = 8), scale range 8–48, higher scores indicate higher self-reported peer leader skills.
Table 4
Paired t-test Comparisons of Pre-test and Post-test Scores by Participant Gender (n = 21).
| Female Participants (n = 12) | Male Participants (n = 9) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Test | Post-Test | t-test | Pre-Test | Post-Test | t-test | |||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Self-Care Knowledge1 | 19.9 | 6.7 | 30.0 | 0.0 | 5.18*** | 18.0 | 4.5 | 28.3 | 2.5 | 6.46*** |
| Healthy Relationships Knowledge2 | 22.1 | 1.7 | 24.0 | 0.0 | 3.96** | 22.8 | 1.6 | 24.0 | 0.0 | 2.35* |
| Sexual Violence Knowledge3 | 7.8 | 1.7 | 9.9 | 0.3 | 4.29** | 7.1 | 1.5 | 8.8 | 2.1 | 5.77*** |
| Sexual Health Knowledge4 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 0.6 | –0.43 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 0.00 |
| Modified Rape Myth Acceptance5 | 81.1 | 14.6 | 98.9 | 8.5 | 4.11** | 78.6 | 16.6 | 85.4 | 12.6 | 3.33* |
| Gender Equitable Men (GEM) Scale6 | 67.0 | 3.7 | 70.2 | 3.2 | 4.30** | 65.6 | 5.5 | 66.9 | 5.4 | 1.84 |
| Facilitation Skills7 | 20.8 | 6.0 | 34.2 | 1.6 | 8.20*** | 22.0 | 5.9 | 30.3 | 6.3 | 3.89** |
| Peer Leader Skills8 | 38.0 | 6.0 | 44.4 | 4.6 | 3.82** | 34.1 | 7.6 | 37.6 | 13.1 | 1.00 |
[i] Note: M = Mean. SD = Standard Deviation. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
1 Self-Care Knowledge scale (n = 5), scale range 5–30, higher scores representing greater knowledge of self-care practices.
2 Healthy Relationship Knowledge (n = 8), scale range 8–24, higher scores represent greater healthy relationship knowledge.
3 Sexual Violence Knowledge (n = 2), scale range 2–10, higher scores represent greater sexual violence knowledge.
4 Sexual Health Knowledge (n = 6), with 6 representing highest sexual health knowledge.
5 Modified Rape Myth Acceptance scale (n = 21), scale range 21–105, higher scores represent greater rape myth rejection.
6 Gender Equitable Men (GEM) Scale (n = 24), scale range 24–72, higher scores indicate more equitable gender attitudes.
7 Facilitator Skills scale (n = 7), scale range 5–35, higher scores indicate higher self-reported facilitation skills.
8 Peer Leader Survey (n = 8), scale range 8–48, higher scores indicate higher self-reported peer leader skills.