Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Assessing the Risk of HIV and Hepatitis C among Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia Cover

Assessing the Risk of HIV and Hepatitis C among Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia

Annals of Global Health
Volume 86 (2020): Issue 1
By: Joshua Elbaz  
Open Access
|Jun 2020

References

  1. 1Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Accommodation and Refugees of Georgia. Review of Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia. March 2019.
    Back to article
  2. 2Protection of Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia: A Gap Analysis. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; 2009. https://www.unhcr.org/4ad827f59.pdf.
    Back to article
  3. 3Lacroix R, Benner H, Ashwill M, et al. Gender Based Violence in Georgia: Links Among Conflict, Economic Opportunities and Services. The World Bank; 2017. http://www.parliament.ge/uploads/other/77/77112.pdf.
    Back to article
  4. 4The Situation of Human Rights and Freedoms in Georgia. The Public Defender (Obudsman) of Georgia; 2004. http://www.ombudsman.ge/eng/saparlamento-angarishebi.
    Back to article
  5. 5Durable Housing Solutions for IDPs: Lessons Learnt from Georgia & Steps Forward in Ukraine. Danish Refugee Council, Danish Demining Group; 2018. https://drc.ngo/media/5278672/durable-housing-solutions-in-georgia.pdf.
    Back to article
  6. 6In the Waiting Room: Internally Displaced People in Georgia. Amnesty International; 2010. https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c5fc1952.html.
    Back to article
  7. 7Accountability in Aid Delivery – The Renovation of Collective Centers for Georgia’s Internally Displaced Persons. Transparency International Georgia; 2011. https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://www.transparency.ge/sites/default/files/accountabilityinaiddelivery_eng.pdf.
    Back to article
  8. 8Frichova Grono M. Displacement in Georgia: IDP Attitudes to Conflict, Return and Justice. Conciliation Resources; 2011. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_Report_556.pdf.
    Back to article
  9. 9Report of the Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Accommodation, and Refugees of Georgia. Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Accommodation, and Refugees of Georgia; 2013. http://mra.gov.ge/geo/static/825.
    Back to article
  10. 10Hovey G, de Berry J, Huybens E. Supporting the Livelihoods of Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia: A Review of Current Practices and Lessons Learned. The World Bank; 2013. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/859881468236363043/pdf/791740WP0Georg0Box0377356B00PUBLIC0.pdf.
    Back to article
  11. 11Gogishvili D, Harris-Brandts S. The social and spatial insularity of internally displaced persons: “neighbourhood effects” in Georgia’s collective centres. Cauc Surv. 2019; 7(2): 134–156. DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2019.1617652
    Back to article
  12. 12Gogishvili D. Urban Dimensions of Internal Displacement in Georgia: The Phenomenon and the Emerging Housing Policy. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network; 2015. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2591291. Accessed July 17, 2019. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2591291
    Back to article
  13. 13Tarkhan-Mouravi G. Assessment of IDP Livelihoods in Georgia: Facts and Policies. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; 2009. https://www.unhcr.org/4ad827b12.pdf.
    Back to article
  14. 14Sumbadze N, Tarkhan-Mouravi G. Transition to adulthood in Georgia: Dynamics of generational and gender roles in post-totalitarian society. Leccardi CE Ruspini Ed New Youth. 2005: 224–52.
    Back to article
  15. 15Mitchneck B, Mayorova OV, Regulska J. “Post”-conflict displacement: Isolation and integration in Georgia. Ann Assoc Am Geogr. 2009; 99(5): 1022–1032. DOI: 10.1080/00045600903279408
    Back to article
  16. 16Salukvadze J, Gachechiladze R, Gogishvili D, et al. Coping with Marginality and Exclusion: Can Refugees Communities Successfully Integrate into Mainstream Urban Societies in Georgia? Tbilisi State University; 2013. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Gogishvili/project/Coping-with-Marginality-and-Exclusion-Can-IDP-Internally-Displaced-Person-Communities-Successfully-Integrate-into-Mainstream-Urban-Societies-in-Georgia/attachment/5864143608ae73e55b21544e/AS:444354524389376@1482953782230/download/Scientific_Report_IDP_Project.pdf?context=ProjectUpdatesLog.
    Back to article
  17. 17Intentions Survey on Durable Solutions: Voices of Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; 2015. https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/55e575924.pdf.
    Back to article
  18. 18Transitioning from Status to Needs Based Assistance for IDPs: A Poverty and Social Impact Analysis. The World Bank; 2016. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/493981468030331770/pdf/IDP-PSIA-Georgia-revised-Feb-2016.pdf.
    Back to article
  19. 19Dershem L, Tskitishvili G, Kechakmadze V. Social Capital and Employment Opportunities Among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Georgia. The World Bank; 2005. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287632644_Social_Capital_and_Employment_Opportunities_Among_Internally_Displaced_Persons_IDPs_in_Georgia.
    Back to article
  20. 20Dershem L, Gurgenidze N, Holtzman SB. Poverty and Vulnerability Among Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia: An Update of Their Current Status and Circumstances. The World Bank; 2002. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287621578_Poverty_and_Vulnerability_Among_Internally_Displaced_Persons_in_Georgia_An_Update_of_Their_Current_Status_and_Circumstances.
    Back to article
  21. 21Chelidze N. Asylum Seekers, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Georgia: The Challenges of Social Cohesion. Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration. http://www.carim-east.eu/media/exno/Explanatory%20Notes_2013-130.pdf.
    Back to article
  22. 22Rebok G, Bass J, Singh NS, et al. Aging in Displacement: Assessing Health Status of Displaced Older Adults in the Republic of Georgia. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; 2012. http://chca.org.ge/_FILES/2017/10/25/278182c5f42fe435ef3d89633402ddcae81901214a82c44eca546d92e9a5d537.pdf.
    Back to article
  23. 23Makhashvili N, Chikovani I, McKee M, Bisson J, Patel V, Roberts B. Mental disorders and their association with disability among internally displaced persons and returnees in Georgia. J Trauma Stress. 2014; 27(5): 509–518. DOI: 10.1002/jts.21949
    Back to article
  24. 24Comellas RM, Makhashvili N, Chikovani I, et al. Patterns of somatic distress among conflict-affected persons in the Republic of Georgia. J Psychosom Res. 2015; 78(5): 466–471. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.01.015
    Back to article
  25. 25Chikovani I, Makhashvili N, Gotsadze G, et al. Health service utilization for mental, behavioural and emotional problems among conflict-affected population in Georgia: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE. 2015; 10(4): e0122673. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122673
    Back to article
  26. 26Buck T, Morton A, Nan SA, Zurikashvili F. Aftermath: Effects of conflict on internally displaced women in Georgia. Wash DC Cent Dev Inf Eval-US Agency Int Dev. 2000; 310.
    Back to article
  27. 27Final Analysis of the Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Refugees. Foundation for the Development of Human Resources; 1996.
    Back to article
  28. 28Makhashvili N, van Voren R. Balancing community and hospital care: A case study of reforming mental health services in Georgia. PLoS Med. 2013; 10(1). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001366
    Back to article
  29. 29Makhashvili N, Tsiskarishvili L, Drožđek B. Door to the unknown: On large-scale public mental health interventions in postconflict zones – Experiences from Georgia. Traumatology. December; 2010. DOI: 10.1177/1534765610388302
    Back to article
  30. 30Miller KE, Rasmussen A. War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks. Soc Sci Med. 1982; 2010; 70(1): 7–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029
    Back to article
  31. 31Khechuashvili L. Comparative study of psychological well-being and posttraumatic growth indicators in IDP and non-IDP citizens of Georgia. Educ Sci Psychol. 2014; 6(32). http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=15121801&AN=100629197&h=gi%2FrCW3%2FnQSJ0Hc57zhdjusQ20sCOvdZQ5ERO1crMlS96CochJyw%2FHrv5N9aP3Mldu1IgQC2mdsArKsBI9Kk5Q%3D%3D&crl=f.
    Back to article
  32. 32Basishvili T, Eliozishvili M, Maisuradze L, et al. Insomnia in a displaced population is related to war-associated remembered stress. Stress Health J Int Soc Investig Stress. 2012; 28(3): 186–192. DOI: 10.1002/smi.1421
    Back to article
  33. 33Saxon L, Makhashvili N, Chikovani I, et al. Coping strategies and mental health outcomes of conflict-affected persons in the Republic of Georgia. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2017; 26(3): 276–286. DOI: 10.1017/S2045796016000019
    Back to article
  34. 34Zoidze A, Djibuti M. IDP Health Profile Review in Georgia. United Nations Development Programme in Georgia; 2004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256838902_IDP_Health_Profile_in_Georgia.
    Back to article
  35. 35Weinstock DM, Hahn O, Wittkamp M, Sepkowitz KA, Khechinashvili G, Blumberg HM. Risk for tuberculosis infection among internally displaced persons in the Republic of Georgia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis. 2001; 5(2): 164–169.
    Back to article
  36. 36Murphy A, Chikovani I, Uchaneishvili M, Makhashvili N, Roberts B. Barriers to mental health care utilization among internally displaced persons in the republic of Georgia: A rapid appraisal study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018; 18. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3113-y
    Back to article
  37. 37Health Service Utilization, Expenditures and Health Status among IDP Population in Georgia. Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance. https://www.elrha.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HRU-Survey-Report.pdf.
    Back to article
  38. 38Roberts B, Murphy A, Chikovani I, Makhashvili N, Patel V, McKee M. Individual and community level risk factors for alcohol use disorder among conflict-affected persons in Georgia. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9(5): e98299. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098299
    Back to article
  39. 39Roberts B, Chikovani I, Makhashvili N, Patel V, McKee M. Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among conflict-affected men in the Republic of Georgia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013; 10(6): 2185–2197. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10062185
    Back to article
  40. 40Part Two: Bendukidze and Russian Capitalism. European Stability Initiative; 2010. https://www.esiweb.org/pdf/esi_-_georgias_libertarian_revolution_-_part_two_-_bendukidze_and_russian_capitalism_-_17_april_2010.pdf.
    Back to article
  41. 41Alavidze S, Duchidze N, Javakhishvili J, et al. The Drug Situation in Georgia. Addiction Research Centre Alternative Georgia; 2003.
    Back to article
  42. 42Shengelia N, Chikovani I, Chkhaidze N, Sirbiladze T, Tavzarashvili L. HIV Risk and Prevention Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Six Cities of Georgia, Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey in Tbilisi, Batumi, Zugdidi, Telavi, Gori, Kutaisi in 2012; 2013. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3570.8400
    Back to article
  43. 43Shengelia N, Chikovani I, Sulaberidze L, Sirbiladze T, Tavzarashvili L. HIV Risk and Prevention Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Seven Cities of Georgia. Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey in 2015; 2015. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3570.8400
    Back to article
  44. 44Shengelia N, Chikovani I, Sulaberidze L, Sirbiladze T, Tavzarashvili L. HIV Risk and Prevention Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Seven Cities of Georgia. Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey in 2017; 2017. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3570.8400
    Back to article
  45. 45Ann Priester M, Browne T, Iachini A, Clone S, DeHart D, Seay KD. Treatment access barriers and disparities among individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: An integrative literature review. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016; 61: 47–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.09.006
    Back to article
  46. 46Schuckit MA. Comorbidity between substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions. Addict Abingdon Engl. 2006; 101(Suppl 1): 76–88. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01592.x
    Back to article
  47. 47Posselt M, Galletly C, Crespigny C de, Procter N. Mental health and drug and alcohol comorbidity in young people of refugee background: a review of the literature. Ment Health Subst Use. 2014; 7(1): 19–30. DOI: 10.1080/17523281.2013.772914
    Back to article
  48. 48Kozarić-Kovacić D, Ljubin T, Grappe M. Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence in displaced persons. Croat Med J. 2000; 41(2): 173–178.
    Back to article
  49. 49Brune M, Haasen C, Yagdiran O, Bustos E. Treatment of drug addiction in traumatised refugees. Eur Addict Res. 2003; 9(3): 144–146. DOI: 10.1159/000070985
    Back to article
  50. 50Puertas G, Ríos C, del Valle H. [The prevalence of common mental disorders in urban slums with displaced persons in Colombia]. Rev Panam Salud Publica Pan Am J Public Health. 2006; 20(5): 324–330. DOI: 10.1590/S1020-49892006001000005
    Back to article
  51. 51Strathdee SA, Zafar T, Brahmbhatt H, Baksh A, ul Hassan S. Rise in needle sharing among injection drug users in Pakistan during the Afghanistan war. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003; 71(1): 17–24. DOI: 10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00072-3
    Back to article
  52. 52Zafar T, Brahmbhatt H, Imam G, ul Hassan S, Strathdee SA. HIV knowledge and risk behaviors among Pakistani and Afghani drug users in Quetta, Pakistan. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999. 2003; 32(4): 394–398. DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200304010-00008
    Back to article
  53. 53Westermeyer J. Poppies, Pipes, and People: Opium and Its Use in Laos. Univ of California Press; 1983.
    Back to article
  54. 54Bjelosević E, Hadzikapetanović H, Loga S, Hodzić M, Skelić D, Savarimooto B. [Relation between benzodiazepine abuse and trauma]. Med Arh. 2003; 57(5–6 Suppl 1): 33–36.
    Back to article
  55. 55United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2005 World Drug Report. Vol 2. United Nations Publications; 2005.
    Back to article
  56. 56Horyniak D, Melo JS, Farrell RM, Ojeda VD, Strathdee SA. Epidemiology of substance use among forced migrants: A global systematic review. PLOS ONE. 2016; 11(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159134
    Back to article
  57. 57Degenhardt L, Hall W. Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet Lond Engl. 2012; 379(9810): 55–70. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61138-0
    Back to article
  58. 58Affinnih YH. Revisiting sub-Saharan African countries’ drug problems: Health, social, economic costs, and drug control policy. Subst Use Misuse. 2002; 37(3): 265–290. DOI: 10.1081/JA-120002479
    Back to article
  59. 59Odenwald M, Neuner F, Schauer M, et al. Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: A cross-sectional and case-control study in Somalia. BMC Med. 2005; 3(1): 5. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-3-5
    Back to article
  60. 60Westermeyer J, Lyfoung T, Neider J. An epidemic of opium dependence among Asian refugees in Minnesota: Characteristics and causes. Br J Addict. 1989; 84(7): 785–789. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03058.x
    Back to article
  61. 61Karam EG, Mneimneh ZN, Dimassi H, et al. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon: First onset, treatment, and exposure to war. PLOS Med. 2008; 5(4): e61. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050061
    Back to article
  62. 62Šantić Ž, Lukić A, Sesar D, Miličević S, Ilakovac V. Long-term follow-up of blood pressure in family members of soldiers killed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J. 2006; 47(3): 416–423.
    Back to article
  63. 63Rhodes T, Singer M, Bourgois P, Friedman SR, Strathdee SA. The social structural production of HIV risk among injecting drug users. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 61(5): 1026–1044. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.024
    Back to article
  64. 64Greenaway C, Ma AT, Kloda LA, et al. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in immigrants and refugees from intermediate and high endemic countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2015; 10(11): e0141715. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141715
    Back to article
  65. 65Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS: United Nations General Assembly, Special Session on HIV/AIDS, 25–27 June 2001. UN; 2001.
    Back to article
  66. 66Patel S, Schechter MT, Sewankambo NK, et al. War and HIV: Sex and gender differences in risk behaviour among young men and women in post-conflict Gulu District, Northern Uganda. Glob Public Health. 2014; 9(3): 325–341. DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2014.887136
    Back to article
  67. 67Hooper E. The river: A journey to the source of HIV and AIDS. 1999.
    Back to article
  68. 68McGinn T, Purdin SJ. Forced Migration and Transmission of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections: Policy and Programmatic Responses; 2001.
    Back to article
  69. 69Elbe S. HIV/AIDS and the changing landscape of war in Africa. Int Secur. 2002; 27(2): 159–177. DOI: 10.1162/016228802760987851
    Back to article
  70. 70Khan A, Qazi J. Risk factors and molecular epidemiology of HBV and HCV in internally displaced persons (IDPs) of North Waziristan Agency, Pakistan. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc. 2018; 68(2): 165–169.
    Back to article
  71. 71Rauf A, Nadeem MS, Ali A, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in internally displaced persons of war against terrorism in Swat, Pakistan. Eur J Public Health. 2011; 21(5): 638–642. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq084
    Back to article
  72. 72Spiegel PB. HIV/AIDS among conflict-affected and displaced populations: Dispelling myths and taking action. Disasters. 2004; 28(3): 322–339. DOI: 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00261.x
    Back to article
  73. 73Hughes E, Bassi S, Gilbody S, Bland M, Martin F. Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016; 3(1): 40–48. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00357-0
    Back to article
  74. 742004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: 4th Global Report. Unaids; 2004.
    Back to article
  75. 75Zafrani M, McLaughlin DG. Knowledge about AIDS. Psychiatr Serv. 1990; 41(11): 1261–1261. DOI: 10.1176/ps.41.11.1261
    Back to article
  76. 76Factors associated with risk for HIV infection among chronic mentally ill adults. Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151(2): 221–227. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.151.2.221
    Back to article
  77. 77Carey MP, Carey KB, Kalichman SC. Risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among persons with severe mental illnesses. Clin Psychol Rev. 1997; 17(3): 271–291. DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00019-6
    Back to article
  78. 78McKinnon K, Cournos F, Sugden R, Herman R. The relative contributions of psychiatric symptoms and AIDS knowledge to HIV risk behaviors among people with severe mental illness. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996; 57(11): 506–513. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.v57n1101
    Back to article
  79. 79Panda S, Kumar MS, Lokabiraman S, et al. Risk factors for HIV infection in injection drug users and evidence for onward transmission of HIV to their sexual partners in Chennai, India. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999. 2005; 39(1): 9–15. DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000160713.94203.9b
    Back to article
  80. 80Jain AK, Saggurti N, Mahapatra B, et al. Relationship between reported prior condom use and current self-perceived risk of acquiring HIV among mobile female sex workers in southern India. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11(Suppl 6): S5. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S6-S5
    Back to article
  81. 81Steiner J, Lussier R, Rosenblatt W. Knowledge about and risk factors for AIDS in a day hospital population. Psychiatr Serv. 1992; 43(7): 734–735. DOI: 10.1176/ps.43.7.734
    Back to article
  82. 82Stewart DL, Zuckerman CJ, Ingle JM. HIV seroprevalence in a chronically mentally ill population. J Natl Med Assoc. 1994; 86(7): 519–523.
    Back to article
  83. 83Carmen E, Brady SM. AIDS risk and prevention for the chronic mentally ill. Psychiatr Serv. 1990; 41(6): 652–657. DOI: 10.1176/ps.41.6.652
    Back to article
  84. 84Salama P, Dondero TJ. HIV surveillance in complex emergencies. AIDS Lond Engl. 2001; 15(Suppl 3): S4–12. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200104003-00002
    Back to article
  85. 85Health Care Statistical Yearbook 2017 Georgia. National Center for Disease Control and Public Health; 2017. http://www.ncdc.ge/Handlers/GetFile.ashx?ID=114b7ef6-0fa1-424a-9c01-6af08ffa63cc.
    Back to article
  86. 86Chkhartishvili N, Chokoshvili O, Bolokadze N, et al. Late presentation of HIV infection in the country of Georgia: 2012–2015. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12(10): e0186835. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186835
    Back to article
  87. 87Georgia HIV/AIDS National Strategic Plan 2019–2022. 2018. http://www.georgia-ccm.ge/wp-content/uploads/Georgia-HIV-AIDS-National-Strategic-Plan-2019-20222.pdf.
    Back to article
  88. 88Georgia Country factsheets. UNAIDS. https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/georgia. Accessed August 14, 2019.
    Back to article
  89. 89Hagan LM, Kasradze A, Salyer SJ, et al. Hepatitis C prevalence and risk factors in Georgia, 2015: Setting a baseline for elimination. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19(3): 480. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6784-3
    Back to article
  90. 90Hepatitis C virus elimination programmes report encouraging results: is elimination within reach?; 2018. https://ilc-congress.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/ILC-2018-Press-Kit_FRI_SATv3.pdf.
    Back to article
  91. 91CDC Global Health – Georgia. https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/georgia/default.htm. Published June 12, 2019. Accessed August 14, 2019.
    Back to article
  92. 92el-Serag HB, Kunik M, Richardson P, Rabeneck L. Psychiatric disorders among veterans with hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology. 2002; 123(2): 476–482. DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.34750
    Back to article
  93. 93Strategic Plan for the Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus in Georgia, 2016–2020. National Center for Disease Control and Public Health. https://www.moh.gov.ge/uploads/files/2017/akordeoni/failebi/Georgia_HCV_Elimination_Strategy_2016-2020.pdf.
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2671 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Published on: Jun 24, 2020
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2020 Joshua Elbaz, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 86 (2020): Issue 1Next article